python 拷贝文件创建目录_python – 将特定文件复制到新文件夹,同时保留原始子目录树...

我有一个包含许多子目录的大型目录,我正在尝试排序,我正在尝试将特定文件类型复制到新文件夹,但我想维护原始子目录.

def copyFile(src, dest):

try:

shutil.copy(src,dest)

except shutil.Error as e:

print('Error: %s' % e)

except IOError as e:

print('Error: %s' % s.strerror)

for root, directories, files in os.walk(directory):

for directoryname in directories:

dirpath = os.path.join(root,directoryname)

dir_paths.append(dirpath)

dir_names.append(directoryname)

if not os.listdir(dirpath): #Cheching if directory is empty

print("Empty")

EmptyDirs.append(directoryname) #Add directory name to empty directory list

EmptyDirPath.append(dirpath)

else:

pass

for filename in files:

filepath = os.path.join(root,filename)

file_paths.append(filepath)

file_names.append(filename)

if filename.lower().endswith(".sldasm"):

print(filename.encode('utf8'))

SolidModels.append(filename)

copyFile(filepath,dest)

elif filename.lower().endswith(".sldprt"):

print(filename.encode('utf8'))

SolidModels.append(filename)

copyFile(filepath,dest)

else:

pass

这是我现在使用的代码,但它只是复制文件而不复制它们最初所在的子目录,因此它们在新文件夹中完全没有组织.

这是使用copytree的新代码,但是现在特定文件不会复制,只有子目录才能复制.

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):

names = os.listdir(src)

if ignore is not None:

ignored_names = ignore(src, names)

else:

ignored_names = set()

os.makedirs(dst)

errors = []

for name in names:

if name in ignored_names:

continue

srcname = os.path.join(src, name)

dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)

try:

if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):

linkto = os.readlink(srcname)

os.symlink(linkto, dstname)

elif os.path.isdir(srcname):

copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)

else:

if src is "*.sldasm":

copy2(srcname, dstname)

elif src is "*.sldprt":

copy2(srcname, dstname)

except (IOError, os.error) as why:

errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))

解决方法:

您可以使用其可选的ignore关键字参数,使用shutil.copytree()函数执行所需操作.棘手的部分是,如果给定,它必须是一个可调用的,它返回每个目录中不应复制的内容,而不是应该复制的内容.

但是,可以编写类似于shutil.ignore_patterns()的工厂函数,该函数创建一个执行所需操作的函数,并将其用作ignore关键字参数的值.

首先返回的函数通过fnmatch.filter()函数确定要保留哪些文件,然后将它们从给定目录中的所有内容列表中删除,除非它们是子目录名称,在这种情况下它们会留待以后[递归]处理. (这就是它复制整个树的原因以及你尝试编写自己的copytree()函数可能出错的原因).

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Works in Python 2.7 & 3.x

import fnmatch

from os.path import isdir, join

def include_patterns(*patterns):

""" Function that can be used as shutil.copytree() ignore parameter that

determines which files *not* to ignore, the inverse of "normal" usage.

This is a factory function that creates a function which can be used as a

callable for copytree()'s ignore argument, *not* ignoring files that match

any of the glob-style patterns provided.

‛patterns’ are a sequence of pattern strings used to identify the files to

include when copying the directory tree.

Example usage:

copytree(src_directory, dst_directory,

ignore=include_patterns('*.sldasm', '*.sldprt'))

"""

def _ignore_patterns(path, all_names):

# Determine names which match one or more patterns (that shouldn't be

# ignored).

keep = (name for pattern in patterns

for name in fnmatch.filter(all_names, pattern))

# Ignore file names which *didn't* match any of the patterns given that

# aren't directory names.

dir_names = (name for name in all_names if isdir(join(path, name)))

return set(all_names) - set(keep) - set(dir_names)

return _ignore_patterns

if __name__ == '__main__':

from shutil import copytree, rmtree

import os

src = r'C:\vols\Files\PythonLib\Stack Overflow'

dst = r'C:\vols\Temp\temp\test'

# Make sure the destination folder does not exist.

if os.path.exists(dst) and os.path.isdir(dst):

print('removing existing directory "{}"'.format(dst))

rmtree(dst, ignore_errors=False)

copytree(src, dst, ignore=include_patterns('*.png', '*.gif'))

print('done')

标签：shutil,subdirectories,python,os-walk,copy