oracle+schemaname,ORACLE中修改表的Schema的小结

ORACLE中修改表的Schema的总结

前阵子遇到一个案例，需要将数据库中的几个表从USER A 移动到USER B下面，在ORACLE中，这个叫做更改表的所有者或者修改表的Schema。其实遇到这种案例，有好几种解决方法。下面我们通过实验来测试、验证一下。首先准备简单测试数据,如下所示:

SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST.KKK( ID   INT   ,NAME VARCHAR2(12) ,CONSTRAINT PK_KKK PRIMARY KEY(ID));Table created.SQL> INSERT INTO TEST.KKK2  VALUES(1000, 'kerry');1 row created.SQL> commit;Commit complete.

方法1： 常规方法，在目标用户下创建表，并拷贝数据过去。

SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST1.KKK( ID  INT, NAME VARCHAR2(12) ,CONSTRAINT PK_KKK PRIMARY KEY (ID));Table created.SQL> INSERT INTO TEST1.KKK2  SELECT * FROM TEST.KKK;1 row created.SQL> COMMIT;Commit complete.SQL> DROP TABLE TEST.KKK;Table dropped.SQL>

当然也可以使用CREATE TABLE TEST1.KKK AS SELECT * FROM TEST.KKK; 但是使用这种方式需要注意，索引和约束都无法Copy过去。所以一定要慎用CREATE TABLE AS (CTAS)这种语法。

方法2： 使用expdp/impdp，导出表然后导入表修改表的Schema。使用exp/imp方式也是差不多，在此不做介绍。

[oracle@DB-Server dpdump]$ expdp system/xxxx tables=test.kkk directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=kkk.dmp logfile=kkk.log;

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 10 15:57:22 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":system/******** tables=test.kkk directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=kkk.dmp logfile=kkk.log

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

. . exported "TEST"."KKK"5.421 KB1 rows

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/app/oracle/admin/gsp/dpdump/kkk.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:57:26

[oracle@DB-Server dpdump]$ impdp system/xxxx tables=test.kkk directory=data_pump_dir remap_schema=test:test1 dumpfile=kkk.dmp logfile=import.log

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 10 15:58:07 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":system/******** tables=test.kkk directory=data_pump_dir remap_schema=test:test1 dumpfile=kkk.dmp logfile=import.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "TEST1"."KKK"5.421 KB1 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:58:09

注意上面方法无法移动表到其它表空间，所以，如果你也必须移动表到对应的表空间，那么就必须使用参数remap_tablespace， 如下所示：

impdp system/xxxxx tables=test.kkk directory=data_pump_dir remap_schema=test:test1 remap_tablespace=tbs_test_data:tbs_test1_data dumpfile=kkk.dmp logfile=import.log

方法3：修改系统表obj$、sys.con$等 (这个仅仅作为实验测试而已，不可应用于生产环境),ASK TOM里面强烈不建议使用这种方法，原文如下，不过不妨碍我们在测试环境玩一玩，了解一下。

SQL> select obj#, owner#, name, namespace from obj$ where name='KKK';OBJ#     OWNER# NAME                            NAMESPACE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------93220         85 KKK                                     1SQL> select user_id , username from dba_users where username in ('TEST', 'TEST1');USER_ID USERNAME---------- ------------------------------86 TEST185 TESTSQL>  update obj$ set owner#=86 where obj#=93220;1 row updated.SQL> commit;Commit complete.SQL>

如下所示，更新了系统表obj$后，你会发现TEST.KKK与TEST1.KKK两个表都存在，这个时候可以执行ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL命令后，TEST.KKK就不存在了。

SQL> select * from v$mystat where rownum=1;SID STATISTIC#      VALUE---------- ---------- ----------12          0          0SQL> SELECT * FROM TEST.KKK;ID NAME---------- ------------1000 kerrySQL> SELECT * FROM TEST1.KKK;ID NAME---------- ------------1000 kerrySQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL;System altered.SQL>  SELECT * FROM TEST.KKK;SELECT * FROM TEST.KKK*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942: table or view does not existSQL>  SELECT * FROM TEST1.KKK;ID NAME---------- ------------1000 kerrySQL>

另外，更新了系统表obj$后，你会发现索引、约束信息还没有变化，如下所示，OWNER依然为TEST，索引也可以在obj$中更新对应记录，但是约束就必须继续查找

SQL>  SELECT OWNER ,INDEX_NAME , TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE TABLE_NAME='KKK';OWNER                          INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------TEST                           PK_KKK                         KKKSQL> COL OWNER FOR A20;SQL> SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS WHERE TABLE_NAME='KKK';OWNER                CONSTRAINT_NAME-------------------- ------------------------------TEST                 PK_KKKSQL> select obj#, owner#, name, namespace from obj$ where name='PK_KKK';OBJ#     OWNER# NAME                            NAMESPACE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------93221         85 PK_KKK                                  4SQL> update obj$ set owner#=86 where obj#=93221;1 row updated.SQL> commit;Commit complete.SQL> SELECT OWNER ,INDEX_NAME , TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE TABLE_NAME='KKK';OWNER                INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME-------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------TEST1                PK_KKK                         KKKSQL> SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS WHERE TABLE_NAME='KKK';OWNER                CONSTRAINT_NAME-------------------- ------------------------------TEST                 PK_KKKSQL>

而DBA_CONSTRAINTS的定义位于 cdcore.sql中($ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin)中，具体定义如下所示所示(本文测试环境为Oracle 11g)，从其定义可以知道，我们必须更新sys.con$中的记录。

create or replace view DBA_CONSTRAINTS(OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME, SEARCH_CONDITION, R_OWNER,R_CONSTRAINT_NAME, DELETE_RULE, STATUS,DEFERRABLE, DEFERRED, VALIDATED, GENERATED,BAD, RELY, LAST_CHANGE, INDEX_OWNER, INDEX_NAME,INVALID, VIEW_RELATED)asselect ou.name, oc.name,decode(c.type#, 1, 'C', 2, 'P', 3, 'U',4, 'R', 5, 'V', 6, 'O', 7,'C', 8, 'H', 9, 'F',10, 'F', 11, 'F', 13, 'F', '?'),o.name, c.condition, ru.name, rc.name,decode(c.type#, 4,decode(c.refact, 1, 'CASCADE', 2, 'SET NULL', 'NO ACTION'),NULL),decode(c.type#, 5, 'ENABLED',decode(c.enabled, NULL, 'DISABLED', 'ENABLED')),decode(bitand(c.defer, 1), 1, 'DEFERRABLE', 'NOT DEFERRABLE'),decode(bitand(c.defer, 2), 2, 'DEFERRED', 'IMMEDIATE'),decode(bitand(c.defer, 4), 4, 'VALIDATED', 'NOT VALIDATED'),decode(bitand(c.defer, 8), 8, 'GENERATED NAME', 'USER NAME'),decode(bitand(c.defer,16),16, 'BAD', null),decode(bitand(c.defer,32),32, 'RELY', null),c.mtime,decode(c.type#, 2, ui.name, 3, ui.name, null),decode(c.type#, 2, oi.name, 3, oi.name, null),decode(bitand(c.defer, 256), 256,decode(c.type#, 4,case when (bitand(c.defer, 128) = 128or o.status in (3, 5)or ro.status in (3, 5)) then 'INVALID'else null end,case when (bitand(c.defer, 128) = 128or o.status in (3, 5)) then 'INVALID'else null end),null),decode(bitand(c.defer, 256), 256, 'DEPEND ON VIEW', null)from sys.con$ oc, sys.con$ rc, sys."_BASE_USER" ou, sys."_BASE_USER" ru,sys."_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ" ro, sys."_CURRENT_EDITION_OBJ" o, sys.cdef$ c,sys.obj$ oi, sys.user$ uiwhere oc.owner# = ou.user#and oc.con# = c.con#and c.obj# = o.obj#and c.type# != 8        /* don't include hash expressions */and (c.type# < 14 or c.type# > 17)    /* don't include supplog cons   */and (c.type# != 12)                   /* don't include log group cons */and c.rcon# = rc.con#(+)and c.enabled = oi.obj#(+)and oi.owner# = ui.user#(+)and rc.owner# = ru.user#(+)and c.robj# = ro.obj#(+)/

那么我们必须更新sys.con$中记录，如下所示：

SQL> select owner#,name, con# from sys.con$ where name='PK_KKK';OWNER# NAME                                 CON#---------- ------------------------------ ----------85 PK_KKK                              19023SQL> update sys.con$ set owner#=86 where name='PK_KKK';1 row updated.SQL> commit;Commit complete.SQL> COL OWNER FOR A32;SQL> SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS WHERE TABLE_NAME='KKK';OWNER                            CONSTRAINT_NAME-------------------------------- ------------------------------TEST1                            PK_KKKSQL>

OK，到此基本的几种方法我们已经介绍了,实际场景当中，那些需要修改Schema的表可能会非常大，生产环境完全不能使用方法3这种捷径。如果使用CTAS这种方法，即使使用NOLOGGING和开启并行，也是非常消耗资源和时间的。使用expdp/impdp 稍微好一些，但是也不能避免一些资源开销。 还有一种方法就是使用exchange partition，exchange只是在ORACLE的数据字典中修改了分区和表的结构。数据并未发生任何修改，因此速度很快.对于大表来说，非常高效！如下测试案例所示：

SQL> create table test.big_table2  as3  select object_id, object_name from dba_objects;Table created.SQL>SQL>SQL> create table test1.big_table2  (     object_id    number,3        object_name  varchar2(128)4  )5  partition by range( object_id)6  (7     partition big_table_par values less than(maxvalue)8  );Table created.SQL> alter table test1.big_table exchange partition big_table_par2  with table test.big_table;Table altered.SQL> select count(*) from test1.big_table;COUNT(*)----------72329SQL> select count(*) from test.big_table;COUNT(*)----------0SQL>

如上所示，我们假设test.big_table是一个非常大的表，那么使用exchange partition就能快速、高效地将一个大表修改Schema,唯一不足的是，需要将普通表修改为分区表，当然，很多时候，大表很可能已经是分区表，使用这种方式不会有任何修改。另外，我们上面都是测试普通表，其实如果是分区表，使用exchange partition则是最佳选择！

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