python socket 书籍_9.python socket编程

1. HTTP、Socket、TCP

网络模型和协议位置：

1. socket 不属于任何协议，可以看作操作系统给的api。 通过socket我们可以利用TCP和UDP协议。比如QQ就是利用socket自己构建一套应用层协议，来实现聊天功能的。

2. http实现不了双向， 比如网站的聊天功能利用websocket协议， http实现不了这样的功能。

2. 利用socket 实现client和server通讯

socket编程流程(左侧server端，右侧client端):

http： 三次握手后，recv，send就close了。下次通讯又得三次握手。显然不满足我们聊天功能的需求。

实时聊天: 三次握手不断开， 不断重复recv和send

代码实现server和client通信

server:

import socket

# AF_INET ip4网络 SOCK_STREAM 表示tcp

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 8000))

server.listen()

sock, addr = server.accept()

# 获取从客户端发送的数据

data = sock.recv(1024) # 一次获取1024字节 即1k的数据

print(data.decode('utf8'))

sock.send('hello back'.encode('utf8'))

server.close()

sock.close()

client:

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

client.connect(('0.0.0.0', 8000))

client.send('hello'.encode('utf8'))

data = client.recv(1024)

print(data.decode('utf8'))

client.close()

3. socket 实现聊天功能和多用户连接

1. 先实现单对单聊天

server:

import socket

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 5000))

server.listen()

sock, addr = server.accept()

while True:

data = sock.recv(1024) # server先recv再send

print(data.decode('utf8'))

re_data = input()

sock.send(re_data.encode('utf8'))

client:

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

client.connect(('0.0.0.0', 5000))

while True:

re_data = input()

client.send(re_data.encode('utf8')) # clinet端先send后recv

data = client.recv(1024)

print(data.decode('utf8'))

2. 实现多人聊天

server:

import socket

import threading

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

server.bind(('0.0.0.0', 6000))

server.listen()

def handle_sock(sock, addr):

while True:

data = sock.recv(1024)

message = data.decode('utf8')

print(message)

if message == 'exit': # client 发送exit时， 连接断开

break

re_data = input()

sock.send(re_data.encode('utf8'))

sock.close()

while True:

sock, addr = server.accept()

# 用线程处理新的用户连接

client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_sock, args=[sock, addr])

client_thread.start()

client:

import socket

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

client.connect(('0.0.0.0', 6000))

while True:

re_data = input()

client.send(re_data.encode('utf8'))

data = client.recv(1024)

print(data.decode('utf8'))

4. socket 模拟http请求

以get百度为例子:

import socket

from urllib.parse import urlparse

def get_url(url):

# 通过socket请求html

url = urlparse(url)

host = url.netloc # www.baidu.com

path = url.path

if path == "":

path = '/'

# 建立socket连接

client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

client.connect((host, 80))

client.send(

"GET {} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:{}\r\nConnection:close\r\n\r\n".format(path, host).encode('utf8'))

data = b""

while True:

d = client.recv(1024)

if d:

data += d

else:

break

data = data.decode('utf8')

html_data = data.split('\r\n\r\n')[1] # 把请求头信息去掉， 只要网页内容

print(html_data)

client.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

get_url('http://www.baidu.com')