Python json模块
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是javascript对象表示法,它是一种基于文本,轻量级数据交换格式,
JSON有两种表示结构,一种是对象结构,一种是数组结构。
对象结构以{键:值}的形式表示,类似于字典的形式。
例如:
{
1:{
"city_id":01,
"city_name":"北京",
"area":["城东区","城南区"]
},
2:{
"city_id":2,
"city_name":"上海",
"area":["浦东区","朝阳区"]
}
}
数组结构以[元素1,元素2,元素3]的形式表示。
例如:
[{
"red":1,
"blue":2,
"green":3
},
{
"apple":8,
"banana":6
}
]
在Python中,提供json库来创建和解析json数据
json函数:
json.dumps()将Python对象编码成json字符串
语法格式:
json.dumps(obj,skipkeys=False,ensure_ascii=True,check_circular=True,allow_nan=True,cls=None,indent=None,separators=None,encoding="utf-8",default=None,sort_keys=False,**kw)
json.loads() 将已编码的json字符串解码为Python对象
语法格式:
json.loads(s[,encoding[,cls[,object_hook[,parse_float[,parse_int[,parse_constant[,object_pairs_hook[,**kw]]]]]]]])
Python与json转化对照表:
Python json
dictobject
list、tuplearray
str、unicodestring
int、long、float number
Truetrue
Falsefalse
Nonenull
以下是Python创建json数据的实例
import json
dist_1=[["a",1],["b",{"q":2,"w":6,"e":4,"r":3}]]
json_1=json.dumps(dist_1)
print json_1
运行结果:
[["a", 1], ["b", {"q": 2, "r": 3, "e": 4, "w": 6}]]
[Finished in 0.3s]
[格式化数据]
#-*-encoding:utf-8-*-
import json
dist_city={
1:{
"city_id":01,
"city_name":"北京",
"area":["城东区","城南区"]
},
2:{
"city_id":2,
"city_name":"上海",
"area":["浦东区","朝阳区"]
}
}
print dist_city
#格式化输出json数据
json_city=json.dumps(dist_city,sort_keys=True,indent=4)
print json_city
运行结果:
{1: {'city_id': 1, 'city_name': '\xe5\x8c\x97\xe4\xba\xac', 'area': ['\xe5\x9f\x8e\xe4\xb8\x9c\xe5\x8c\xba', '\xe5\x9f\x8e\xe5\x8d\x97\xe5\x8c\xba']}, 2: {'city_id': 2, 'city_name': '\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7', 'area': ['\xe6\xb5\xa6\xe4\xb8\x9c\xe5\x8c\xba', '\xe6\x9c\x9d\xe9\x98\xb3\xe5\x8c\xba']}}
{ #格式化后的json数据
"1": {
"area": [
"\u57ce\u4e1c\u533a",
"\u57ce\u5357\u533a"
],
"city_id": 1,
"city_name": "\u5317\u4eac"
},
"2": {
"area": [
"\u6d66\u4e1c\u533a",
"\u671d\u9633\u533a"
],
"city_id": 2,
"city_name": "\u4e0a\u6d77"
}
}
[Finished in 0.3s]
[压缩]
dist_1=[["a",1],["b",{"q":2,"w":6,"e":4,"r":3}]]
json_1=json.dumps(dist_1)
print "压缩前数据:%d" %(len(json_1))
#压缩
json_2=json.dumps(dist_1,separators=(",",":"))
print "压缩后数据:%d" %(len(json_2))
运行结果:
压缩前数据:51
压缩后数据:41
[Finished in 0.2s]
loads函数
#-*-encoding:utf-8-*-
import json
dist_1=[["a",1],["b",{"q":2,"w":6,"e":4,"r":3}]]
json_1=json.dumps(dist_1,indent=4,sort_keys=True,separators=(",",":"))
print json_1
json_2=json.loads(json_1) #将json格式转换为Python关系的格式
print json_2
运行结果:
[
[
"a",
1
],
[
"b",
{
"e":4,
"q":2,
"r":3,
"w":6
}
]
]
[[u'a', 1], [u'b', {u'q': 2, u'r': 3, u'e': 4, u'w': 6}]]
[Finished in 0.2s]