java 图片像素处理_java实现像素级图片文件处理

朋友要求帮忙做一个图片识别的小程序，因为要用在特定的环境下，所以决定采用java语言实现。首先用matlab实现了识别算法的仿真，因为只是对特定的数字组合的识别，所以非常的简单，放弃采用比较复杂的识别算法，采用最普通的像素比较的识别算法。(如果背景噪声比较复杂，可以考虑先滤波后识别)在写java程序的时候发现一些问题，网上关于图片像素级操作的资料不是太多，有的还不是太正确，特此写出自己的成果与大家分享。

核心类：BufferedImage，ImageIO

ImageIO类提供图象读写接口，可以对URL，InputStream等操作，得到图像信息十分的方便。

ImageIO在javax.imageio.*的包中，属于jdk中的标准类。提供的方法有:

read()  例：BufferedImage imd=ImageIO.read(new File(file));

write() 例：ImageIO.write(imd, “JPEG”, new File(“C://test”+k+”.gif”));

//具体方法可以查找jdk doc

BufferedImage类是一个Image类的子类，与Image不同的是，它是在内存中创建和修改的，你可以显示它也可以不显示它，这就看你的具体需求了。这里因为我用于图像的识别所以就不需要显示出来了。你可以通过ImageIO的方法来读取一个文件到BufferedImage，也可以将其写回一个文件中去。类似的操作可以看前面的两个方法。以及参考jdk doc

因为我要识别类似于身份验证的一个数字串图片，所以我考虑把这些数字分离出来，存在不同的图像内，这里BufferedImage类提供一个很方便的办法。

getSubimage(int left,int top,int width,int height)

例：    BufferedImage newim[]=new BufferedImage[4];

newim[0]=imd.getSubimage(4,0,10,18);

newim[1]=imd.getSubimage(13,0,10,18);

newim[2]=imd.getSubimage(22,0,10,18);

newim[3]=imd.getSubimage(31,0,10,18);

最后为了得到图像的像素，我们需要的就是得到像素的方法，这个方法有很多，这里我介绍的是

getRGB(int x,int y) 得到特定像素点的RGB值。

例： pix=new int[10*18];pix[i*(10)+j]=newim[k].getRGB(j,i);

现在我们得到了像素，可以看出像素是一个一维数组，你如果不习惯可以考虑保存在一个二维的数组中，然后就来实施你的看家算法，什么小波变换，拉普拉斯算子，尽管来吧。怎么样是不是很方便呢？什么你好像看不太懂，好给你一些源程序好了，包括像素分解和识别算法。

源代码

/*

* Created on 2005-11-29

*

* TODO To change the template for this generated file go to

* Window – Preferences – Java – Code Style – Code Templates

*/

package com.syvin.image;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.image.*;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.*;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.net.URL;

import javax.imageio.*;

public class MyImage{

BufferedImage imd;//待识别图像

private int iw,ih;//图像宽和高

public final static String path=”D://jyy//app//tomcat//webapps//userlogon//a.jpg”;

static public void main(String args[]) {

try{

MyImage app = new MyImage();//构造一个类

String s=app.getImageNum(“C://无标题.bmp”);//得到识别字符串

System.out.println(“recognize result”+s);

byte[] by=s.getBytes();

File f=new File(“C://testfile.txt”);

FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(f);//写入一个结果文件

fos.write(by);

fos.close();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//构造函数

public MyImage() throws IOException {

super(“Image Test”);

try{

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//得到图像的值

public String getImageNum(String file){

StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer(“”);

try{

imd=ImageIO.read(new File(file));//用ImageIO的静态方法读取图像

BufferedImage newim[]=new BufferedImage[4];

int []x=new int[4];

//将图像分成四块，因为要处理的文件有四个数字。

newim[0]=imd.getSubimage(4,0,10,18);

newim[1]=imd.getSubimage(13,0,10,18);

newim[2]=imd.getSubimage(22,0,10,18);

newim[3]=imd.getSubimage(31,0,10,18);

for(int k=0;k<4;k++){

x[k]=0;

ImageIO.write(newim[k], “JPEG”, new File(“C://test”+k+”.gif”));

this.iw=newim[k].getWidth(null);

this.ih=newim[k].getHeight(null);

pix=new int[iw*ih];

//因为是二值图像，这里的方法将像素读取出来的同时，转换为0，1的图像数组。

for(int i=0;i

for(int j=0;j

pix[i*(iw)+j]=newim[k].getRGB(j,i);

if(pix[i*(iw)+j]==-1)

pix[i*(iw)+j]=0;

else pix[i*(iw)+j]=1;

x[k]=x[k]+pix[i*(iw)+j];

}

}

//得到像匹配的数字。

int r=this.getMatchNum(pix);

sb.append(r);

System.out.println(“x=”+x[k]);

}

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

return sb.toString();

}

//数字模板 0-9

static  int[][] value={

//num 0;

{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num 1

{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num2

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,

1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num3

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num4

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num5

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num6

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num7

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num8

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

},

//num9

{

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,

0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,

0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

}};

//图像像素相减取绝对值得到最小熵的结果。

public int getMatchNum(int[] pix){

int result=-1;

int temp=100;

int x;

for(int k=0;k<=9;k++){

x=0;

for(int i=0;i

x=x+Math.abs(pix[i]-value[k][i]);

}

/*for(int a=0;a<18;a++){

for(int b=0;b<10;b++){

System.out.print(pix[a*10+b]+”-“+value[k][a*10+b]+”|”);

}

System.out.println();

}*/

if(x

{

temp=x;

result=k;

}

}

return result;

}

}