android权限字符串,Android的权限处理（一）

一.Android 的权限介绍

如果在Android系统中6.0以下的并不需要动态获取，

在Android的6.0系统上有的权限需要动态获取，有的权限不危险不需要动态获取，

但是都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行配置！

1.动态获取的权限(危险权限，需要在配置文件中配置)

(1)需要动态获取的权限组

// 摄像头权限

Manifest.permission_group.CAMERA;

// 传感器权限

Manifest.permission_group.SENSORS;

// 录制音频权限

Manifest.permission_group.MICROPHONE;

// 日历权限

Manifest.permission_group.CALENDAR;

// 定位权限

Manifest.permission_group.LOCATION;

// 存储权限

Manifest.permission_group.STORAGE;

// 通讯录权限

Manifest.permission_group.CONTACTS;

// 短信权限

Manifest.permission_group.SMS;

// 电话权限

Manifest.permission_group.PHONE;

(2)每个动态权限组中有哪些动态权限

2.常用权限(需要在配置文件中配置)

android:name="android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE"

tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />

3.权限流程

权限流程图

二.Android 权限

我这里面做的就是一个权限获取权限组的制作。

1.封装一个Permission实体类

import android.Manifest;

public class Permission {

//一共有九个权限

public static final int PERMISSION_LENGTH=9;

// 摄像头权限

public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 0;

// 传感器权限

public static final int CODE_SENSORS = 1;

// 录制音频权限

public static final int CODE_MICROPHONE = 2;

// 日历权限

public static final int CODE_CALENDAR = 3;

// 定位权限

public static final int CODE_LOCATION = 4;

// 存储权限

public static final int CODE_STORAGE = 5;

// 通讯录权限

public static final int CODE_CONTACTS = 6;

// 短信权限

public static final int CODE_SMS = 7;

// 电话权限

public static final int CODE_PHONE = 8;

// 摄像头权限

public static final String CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;

// 传感器权限

public static final String BODY_SENSORS = Manifest.permission.BODY_SENSORS;

// 录制音频权限

public static final String RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;

// 日历权限

public static final String READ_CALENDAR = Manifest.permission.READ_CALENDAR;

public static final String WRITE_CALENDAR = Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR;

// 定位权限

public static final String ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;

public static final String ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;

// 存储权限

public static final String READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

public static final String WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

// 通讯录权限

public static final String READ_CONTACTS = Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS;

public static final String WRITE_CONTACTS = Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS;

public static final String GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;

// 短信权限

public static final String SEND_SMS = Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS;

public static final String RECEIVE_SMS = Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS;

public static final String READ_SMS = Manifest.permission.READ_SMS;

public static final String RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH = Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH;

public static final String RECEIVE_MMS = Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_MMS;

// 电话权限

public static final String READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;

public static final String CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;

public static final String READ_CALL_LOG = Manifest.permission.READ_CALL_LOG;

public static final String WRITE_CALL_LOG = Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG;

public static final String ADD_VOICEMAIL = Manifest.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL;

public static final String USE_SIP = Manifest.permission.USE_SIP;

public static final String PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS = Manifest.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS;

// 权限组

public static final class Group {

public static final String[] CAMERA = new String[]{Permission.CAMERA};

public static final String[] SENSORS = new String[]{Permission.BODY_SENSORS};

public static final String[] MICROPHONE = new String[]{Permission.RECORD_AUDIO};

public static final String[] CALENDAR = new String[]{

Permission.READ_CALENDAR,

Permission.WRITE_CALENDAR};

public static final String[] LOCATION = new String[]{

Permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,

Permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION};

public static final String[] STORAGE = new String[]{

Permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,

Permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};

public static final String[] CONTACTS = new String[]{

Permission.READ_CONTACTS,

Permission.WRITE_CONTACTS,

Permission.GET_ACCOUNTS};

public static final String[] SMS = new String[]{

Permission.SEND_SMS,

Permission.RECEIVE_SMS,

Permission.READ_SMS,

Permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH,

Permission.RECEIVE_MMS};

public static final String[] PHONE = new String[]{

Permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,

Permission.CALL_PHONE,

Permission.READ_CALL_LOG,

Permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG,

Permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL,

Permission.USE_SIP,

Permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS};

}

// 根据权限code返回相应的权限组

public static String[] getPermissions(int requestCode){

switch (requestCode){

case Permission.CODE_CAMERA:

return Permission.Group.CAMERA;

case Permission.CODE_SENSORS:

return Permission.Group.SENSORS;

case Permission.CODE_MICROPHONE:

return Permission.Group.MICROPHONE;

case Permission.CODE_CALENDAR:

return Permission.Group.CALENDAR;

case Permission.CODE_LOCATION:

return Permission.Group.LOCATION;

case Permission.CODE_STORAGE:

return Permission.Group.STORAGE;

case Permission.CODE_CONTACTS:

return Permission.Group.CONTACTS;

case Permission.CODE_SMS:

return Permission.Group.SMS;

case Permission.CODE_PHONE:

return Permission.Group.PHONE;

default:

return null;

}

}

}

2.制作一个权限帮助类PermissionHelper

(1)检查是否有权限

/**

* 检查权限是否授予

*

* @param context

* @param requestPermission 权限名称 eg:Permission.CAMERA

* @return

*/

public static int checkSelfPermission(Context context, String requestPermission) {

//如果是6.0以下的手机，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED，

// 但是，如果用户关闭了你申请的权限，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃

// (java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)，

// 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常，也可以在这个地方，低于23就什么都不做，

// 个人建议try{}catch(){}单独处理，提示用户开启权限。

try {

return ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, requestPermission);

} catch (RuntimeException e) {

Toast.makeText(context, "请开启权限,因为已经被拒绝过，无法动态获取权限！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

.show();

SuperLog.e("请开启权限,因为已经被拒绝过，无法动态获取权限:" + e.getMessage());

}

return -1;

}

(2)循环获取权限组中的权限，查看没有获取的权限和拒绝的权限

/**

* 循环获取权限

*

* @param context

* @param isShouldRationale true:没获取的权限 , false: 已经拒绝权限

* @return

*/

public static ArrayList getNoGrantedPermission(Context context, int requestCode, boolean isShouldRationale) {

ArrayList permissions = new ArrayList<>();

String[] requestPermissions = Permission.getPermissions(requestCode);

for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) {

SuperLog.e(i);

String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i];

//TODO checkSelfPermission

int checkSelfPermission = checkSelfPermission(context, requestPermission);

SuperLog.e("checkSelfPermission:" + checkSelfPermission);

if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

SuperLog.e("Android系统超过6.0需要动态申请权限" + requestPermission + "isShouldRationale:" + isShouldRationale);

if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale((Activity) context, requestPermission)) {

SuperLog.e("权限被拒绝过，并且不在提示");

if (isShouldRationale) {

permissions.add(requestPermission);

}

} else {

if (!isShouldRationale) {

permissions.add(requestPermission);

}

}

}

}

return permissions;

}

(3)需要制作一个权限的成功的回调接口

//回调返回结果

public interface PermissionGrant {

void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);

}

(4)进行权限申请的方法

/**

* 申请权限组

*/

public static void requestGroupPermission(final Context context, int requestCode, PermissionGrant grant) {

//判断这个权限requestCode是否正确

if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= Permission.PERMISSION_LENGTH) {

SuperLog.e("权限code不存在动态获取的requestPermissions数组中:" + requestCode);

return;

}

//可以获取的权限

final List permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(context, requestCode, false);

//已经拒绝过的权限并且选择不再提示

final List shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(context, requestCode, true);

//TODO checkSelfPermission

if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {

return;

}

SuperLog.e("可以授予的权限列表" + permissionsList.size() + ",被拒绝的权限列表:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size());

if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),

requestCode);

} else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {

shouldShowRationale(context, requestCode, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]));

} else {

grant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);

}

}

(5)在权限申请的时候，做一个拒绝权限之后再次点击的弹出框

/**

* 权限首次获取拒绝后再次弹出对话框提示为什么要获取这个权限

*

* @param context

* @param requestCode

* @param requestPermission

*/

private static void shouldShowRationale(final Context context, final int requestCode, final String[] requestPermission) {

String[] permissionsHint = context.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);

SuperLog.e("被拒绝过，需要弹出对话框来提示，动态获取权限" + requestPermission);

showMessageOKCancel(context, permissionsHint[requestCode], (dialog, which) -> {

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, requestPermission,

requestCode);

SuperLog.e("动态获取拒绝过的多个权限");

});

}

/**

* 对话框弹出

*

* @param context

* @param message

* @param okListener

*/

private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Context context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {

new AlertDialog.Builder(context)

.setTitle("权限获取")

.setMessage(message)

.setPositiveButton("好的", okListener)

.setNegativeButton("取消", null)

.create()

.show();

}

(5)在权限申请的时候，如果是拒绝并且选择不再提示，这样就没办法获取权限了，只能提示用户，您需要跳转设置去设置

/**

* 跳转Setting页面

*

* @param context

* @param message

*/

private static void openSettingActivity(final Context context, String message) {

showMessageOKCancel(context, message, (dialog, which) -> {

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);

SuperLog.e(context.getPackageName());

Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null);

intent.setData(uri);

context.startActivity(intent);

});

}

(6)需要制作一个权限的成功的回调接口

/**

* onRequestPermissionsResult的请求结果回调

*

* @param context

* @param requestCode

* @param permissions

* @param grantResults

* @param permissionGrant

*/

public static void requestGroupResult(@NonNull Context context, final int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {

Map perms = new HashMap<>();

ArrayList notGranted = new ArrayList<>();

for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {

SuperLog.e("第" + i + "个权限, 权限名称:" + permissions[i] + ",权限授予结果:" + grantResults[i]);

perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);

if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

notGranted.add(permissions[i]);

}

}

if (notGranted.size() == 0) {

Toast.makeText(context, "权限都授予成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

.show();

permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);

} else {

openSettingActivity(context, "因为已经拒绝了权限请求，如果想用这个功能，请去设置页面进行权限设置！");

}

}

(7)配置文件配置

在string.xml文件里面配置

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE

没有电话权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启电话权限。

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_CAMERA

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

没有此权限，无法开启这个功能，请开启权限。PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO

values文件夹下建一个array.xml文件

@string/permission_camera_hint

@string/permission_sensors_hint

@string/permission_microphone_hint

@string/permission_calendar_hint

@string/permission_location_hint

@string/permission_storage_hint

@string/permission_contacts_hint

@string/permission_sms_hint

@string/permission_phone_hint

三.工具类的使用

假设在一个MainActivity中的一个buttom的点击事件中

1.请求权限方法

Button button = findViewById(R.id.getPermisson);

button.setOnClickListener(v-> {

PermissionHelper.requestGroupPermission(MainActivity.this, Permission.CODE_PHONE,mPermissionGrant);

});

2.权限结果回调，进行之后的操作

private PermissionHelper.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant = requestCode-> {

switch (requestCode) {

case Permission.CODE_CAMERA:

/* SuperLog.e("已经获取打开摄像头权限");

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "已经获取打开摄像头权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();*/

Intent intent = new Intent();

// 指定开启系统相机的Action

intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);

intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);

startActivityForResult(intent, 1);

break;

case Permission.CODE_PHONE:

SuperLog.e("已经获取打开摄像头权限");

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "已经获取打开摄像头权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

break;

default:

break;

}

};

/**

* Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.

*/

@Override

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,

@NonNull int[] grantResults) {

PermissionHelper.requestGroupResult(this, requestCode,permissions,grantResults, mPermissionGrant);

}