㈠ 序言
為了應對無線互聯網的機遇和挑戰、避免 emoji 表情符號帶來的問題、
涉及無線相關的 MySQL 數據庫建議都提前采用 utf8mb4 字符集
這必須要作為移動互聯網行業的一個技術選型的要點
㈡ 限制
需要 >= MySQL 5.5.3版本、從庫也必須是5.5的了、低版本不支持這個字符集、復制報錯
㈢ 簡要步驟
以下是一個未升級到 5.5.3 的配置步驟:
① 備份數據庫
② 升級 MySQL Server 到 v5.5.3+
③ 修改 database、table和column字符集
For each database:ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# For each table:ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# For each column:ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# (Don’t blindly copy-paste this! The exact statement depends on the column type, maximum length, and other properties. The above line is just an example for a `VARCHAR` column.)
④ 修改 my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
⑤ 重啟 MySQL Server、檢查字符集
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)