python查看系统信息_python获取操作系统信息

获取操作系统信息应该是运维的基础工作了，我认为作为一个运维人员，对自己所管理的机器配置应该是很清楚的，因为这对我们快速处理问题很有帮助，比如随着业务增长，突然某些机器负载上涨的厉害，这时候要排查原因，除了从应用程序、架构上分析外，当前硬件性能的分析应该是必不可少的一环，之前我写过一篇用第三方模块psutil来获得系统信息，但有个问题就是每台就机器都要安装这个模块，否则运行会报错，那今天我们就来个清爽版的，不用第三方模块，用python自带模块和系统提供的运行信息来获取我们需要的信息，这个脚本除了硬件外，还抓取了当前系统进程数和网卡流量功能，所以这个版本实现的功能基本对应了之前psutil实现的内容，多的不说了，直接贴代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python

from collections import OrderedDict

from collections import namedtuple

import os

import glob

import re

def cpuinfo():

cpuinfo=OrderedDict()

procinfo=OrderedDict()

nprocs = 0

with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as f:

for line in f:

if not line.strip():

cpuinfo['proc%s' % nprocs] = procinfo

nprocs=nprocs+1

procinfo=OrderedDict()

else:

if len(line.split(':')) == 2:

procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = line.split(':')[1].strip()

else:

procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = ''

return cpuinfo

def meminfo():

meminfo=OrderedDict()

with open('/proc/meminfo') as f:

for line in f:

meminfo[line.split(':')[0]] = line.split(':')[1].strip()

return meminfo

def netdevs():

with open('/proc/net/dev') as f:

net_dump = f.readlines()

device_data={}

data = namedtuple('data',['rx','tx'])

for line in net_dump[2:]:

line = line.split(':')

if line[0].strip() != 'lo':

device_data[line[0].strip()] = data(float(line[1].split()[0])/(1024.0*1024.0),

float(line[1].split()[8])/(1024.0*1024.0))

return device_data

def process_list():

pids = []

for subdir in os.listdir('/proc'):

if subdir.isdigit():

pids.append(subdir)

return pids

dev_pattern = ['sd.*','xv*']

def size(device):

nr_sectors = open(device+'/size').read().rstrip('\n')

sect_size = open(device+'/queue/hw_sector_size').read().rstrip('\n')

return (float(nr_sectors)*float(sect_size))/(1024.0*1024.0*1024.0)

def detect_devs():

for device in glob.glob('/sys/block/*'):

for pattern in dev_pattern:

if re.compile(pattern).match(os.path.basename(device)):

print('Device:: {0}, Size:: {1} GiB'.format(device, size(device)))

if __name__=='__main__':

cpuinfo = cpuinfo()

for processor in cpuinfo.keys():

print(cpuinfo[processor]['model name'])

meminfo = meminfo()

print('Total memory: {0}'.format(meminfo['MemTotal']))

print('Free memory: {0}'.format(meminfo['MemFree']))

netdevs = netdevs()

for dev in netdevs.keys():

print('{0}: {1} MiB {2} MiB'.format(dev, netdevs[dev].rx, netdevs[dev].tx))

pids = process_list()

print('Total number of running processes:: {0}'.format(len(pids)))

detect_devs()

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#!/usr/bin/env python

fromcollectionsimportOrderedDict

fromcollectionsimportnamedtuple

importos

importglob

importre

defcpuinfo():

cpuinfo=OrderedDict()

procinfo=OrderedDict()

nprocs=0

withopen('/proc/cpuinfo')asf:

forlineinf:

ifnotline.strip():

cpuinfo['proc%s'%nprocs]=procinfo

nprocs=nprocs+1

procinfo=OrderedDict()

else:

iflen(line.split(':'))==2:

procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()]=line.split(':')[1].strip()

else:

procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()]=''

returncpuinfo

defmeminfo():

meminfo=OrderedDict()

withopen('/proc/meminfo')asf:

forlineinf:

meminfo[line.split(':')[0]]=line.split(':')[1].strip()

returnmeminfo

defnetdevs():

withopen('/proc/net/dev')asf:

net_dump=f.readlines()

device_data={}

data=namedtuple('data',['rx','tx'])

forlineinnet_dump[2:]:

line=line.split(':')

ifline[0].strip()!='lo':

device_data[line[0].strip()]=data(float(line[1].split()[0])/(1024.0*1024.0),

float(line[1].split()[8])/(1024.0*1024.0))

returndevice_data

defprocess_list():

pids=[]

forsubdirinos.listdir('/proc'):

ifsubdir.isdigit():

pids.append(subdir)

returnpids

dev_pattern=['sd.*','xv*']

defsize(device):

nr_sectors=open(device+'/size').read().rstrip('\n')

sect_size=open(device+'/queue/hw_sector_size').read().rstrip('\n')

return(float(nr_sectors)*float(sect_size))/(1024.0*1024.0*1024.0)

defdetect_devs():

fordeviceinglob.glob('/sys/block/*'):

forpatternindev_pattern:

ifre.compile(pattern).match(os.path.basename(device)):

print('Device:: {0}, Size:: {1} GiB'.format(device,size(device)))

if__name__=='__main__':

cpuinfo=cpuinfo()

forprocessorincpuinfo.keys():

print(cpuinfo[processor]['model name'])

meminfo=meminfo()

print('Total memory: {0}'.format(meminfo['MemTotal']))

print('Free memory: {0}'.format(meminfo['MemFree']))

netdevs=netdevs()

fordevinnetdevs.keys():

print('{0}: {1} MiB {2} MiB'.format(dev,netdevs[dev].rx,netdevs[dev].tx))

pids=process_list()

print('Total number of running processes:: {0}'.format(len(pids)))

detect_devs()

以下是脚本的解释部分：

1、OrderedDict，这个功能是可以生成有序字典，大家都知道在python中字典是无序的，当然你也可以根据kye来排序，但用OrderedDict就可以直接生成有序字典，有序字典的顺序只跟你添加的顺序有关。

2、namedtuple，功能是可以给元组的索引起个名字，一般我们访问元组，只能用索引去访问，但如果给索引定义了名字，你就可以用定义的这个名字去访问了，为方便大家理解，我们举个栗子：

>>> from collections import namedtuple

>>> data = namedtuple('data',['rx','tx'])

>>> d = data(123,456)

>>> print d

data(rx=123, tx=456)

>>> print d.rx

123

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>>>fromcollectionsimportnamedtuple

>>>data=namedtuple('data',['rx','tx'])

>>>d=data(123,456)

>>>printd

data(rx=123,tx=456)

>>>printd.rx

123

3、glob，在这行for device in glob.glob(‘/sys/block/*’)用到了这个功能，它主要方法就是glob，它返回所有匹配的文件列表。

4、re.compile(pattern).match(os.path.basename(device))，这句是将正则表达式编译为Pattern对象，然后使用Pattern匹配文本，获得匹配结果，匹配成功返回真，无法匹配时将返回None。