oracle一般监控什么进程,oracle常用性能监控

本文转载自https://blog.csdn.net/yangshangwei/article/details/52449489

死锁后的解决办法

如果死锁不能自动释放，就需要我们手工的 kill session

生成Kill Session语句

查看有无死锁对象，如有 kill session

SELECT 'alter system kill session ''' || sid || ',' || serial# || ''';' "Deadlock"

FROM v$session

WHERE sid IN (SELECT sid FROM v$lock WHERE block = 1);

如果有，会返回类似与如下的信息：

alter system kill session '761,876';

.....

kill session：

执行 alter system kill session ‘761,876’(sid 为 761);

注意： 应当注意对于 sid 在 100 以下的应当谨慎，可能该进程对应某个application，如对应某个事务,可以 kill

查看导致死锁的 SQL

SELECT s.sid, q.sql_text

FROM v$sqltext q, v$session s

WHERE q.address = s.sql_address AND s.sid = &sid -- 这个&sid 是第一步查询出来的

ORDER BY piece;

执行后，输入对应的sid即可查看对应的sql.

查看谁锁了谁

SELECT s1.username || '@' || s1.machine || ' ( SID=' || s1.sid ||

' ) is blocking ' || s2.username || '@' || s2.machine || ' ( SID=' ||

s2.sid || ' ) ' AS blocking_status

FROM v$lock l1, v$session s1, v$lock l2, v$session s2

WHERE s1.sid = l1.sid

AND s2.sid = l2.sid

AND l1.BLOCK = 1

AND l2.request > 0

AND l1.id1 = l2.id1

AND l2.id2 = l2.id2;

或者

推荐这个，因为使用的是 v$locked_object

SELECT LPAD(' ', DECODE(l.xidusn, 0, 3, 0)) || l.oracle_username User_name,

o.owner,

o.object_name,

o.object_type,

s.sid,

s.serial#

FROM v$locked_object l, dba_objects o, v$session s

WHERE l.object_id = o.object_id

AND l.session_id = s.sid

ORDER BY o.object_id, xidusn DESC;

V$LOCKED_OBJECT只能报发生等待的表级锁,不能报发生等待的行级锁。

这里写图片描述

ORA-00054 资源正忙，要求指定 NOWAIT

演示：

select * from emp for update ;--通过for update 获取一个排它锁

SQL>select object_name as 对象名称,s.sid,s.serial#,p.spid as 系统进程号

from v$locked_object l , dba_objects o , v$session s , v$process p

where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid and s.paddr=p.addr;

对象名称 SID SERIAL# 系统进程号

EMP 1411 8865 32720

在另外一个会话中执行

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '1411,8865';

查询绑定变量使用的实际值

1, SQL还在shared pool中，没有被aged out 替换SQL ID 值即可

select sql_id, name, datatype_string, last_captured, value_string

from v$sql_bind_capture where sql_id = '7nqt558g5gmyr' order by LAST_CAPTURED,

POSITION;

2.请自行替换sql_id，此时是从awr中查询(sql 被 aged out 出 shared pool)

select instance_number,

sql_id,

name,

datatype_string,

last_captured,

value_string

from dba_hist_sqlbind

where sql_id = 'fahv8x6ngrb50'

order by LAST_CAPTURED, POSITION;

监控事例的等待

select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",

sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"

from v$session_Wait

group by event order by 4 ;

回滚段的争用情况

select name, waits, gets, waits / gets "Ratio"

from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b

where a.usn = b.usn;

查看回滚段名称及大小

SELECT segment_name,

tablespace_name,

r.status,

(initial_extent / 1024) initialextent,

(next_extent / 1024) nextextent,

max_extents,

v.curext curextent

FROM dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

WHERE r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

ORDER BY segment_name;

查看控制文件

SELECT NAME FROM v$controlfile;

查看日志文件

SELECT MEMBER FROM v$logfile;

查看前台正在发出的SQL语句

select user_name,sql_text

from v$open_cursor

where sid in (select sid from (select sid,serial#,username,program

from v$session

where status='ACTIVE'));

数据表占用空间大小情况

select segment_name, tablespace_name, bytes, blocks

from user_segments

where segment_type = 'TABLE'

ORDER BY bytes DESC, blocks DESC;

查看表空间碎片大小

select tablespace_name,round(sqrt(max(blocks)/sum(blocks))*

(100/sqrt(sqrt(count(blocks)))),2) FSFI

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name order by 1;

查看表空间占用磁盘情况

select

b.file_id 文件ID号,

b.tablespace_name 表空间名,

b.bytes 字节数,

(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用,

sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余空间,

sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比

from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b

where a.file_id=b.file_id

group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes

order by b.file_id;

查看表的大小，倒序排列

每张表都是作为“段”来存储的，可以通过user_segments视图查看其相应信息。

段(segments)的定义：如果创建一个堆组织表，则该表就是一个段

SELECT SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 MBYTESE

FROM USER_SEGMENTS

WHERE SEGMENT_TYPE = 'TABLE'

GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME

order by MBYTESE desc;

查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

SELECT tablespace_name,

file_id,

file_name,

round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space

FROM dba_data_files

ORDER BY tablespace_name;

查看Oracle 表空间使用率

SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,

SPACE || 'M' "SUM_SPACE(M)",

SPACE - NVL (FREE_SPACE, 0) || 'M' "USED_SPACE(M)",

ROUND ( (1 - NVL (FREE_SPACE, 0) / SPACE) 100, 2) || '%'

"USED_RATE(%)",

FREE_SPACE || 'M' "FREE_SPACE(M)"

FROM ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES) / (1024 1024), 2) SPACE,

SUM (BLOCKS) BLOCKS

FROM DBA_DATA_FILES

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D,

( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES) / (1024 1024), 2) FREE_SPACE

FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F

WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+)

UNION ALL --如果有临时表空间

SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,

SPACE || 'M' "SUM_SPACE(M)",

USED_SPACE || 'M' "USED_SPACE(M)",

ROUND (NVL (USED_SPACE, 0) / SPACE 100, 2) || '%' "USED_RATE(%)",

NVL (FREE_SPACE, 0) || 'M' "FREE_SPACE(M)"

FROM ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES) / (1024 1024), 2) SPACE,

SUM (BLOCKS) BLOCKS

FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D,

( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES_USED) / (1024 1024), 2) USED_SPACE,

ROUND (SUM (BYTES_FREE) / (1024 * 1024), 2) FREE_SPACE

FROM V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER

GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F

WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+)

ORDER BY 1;

SELECT a.tablespace_name "表空间名",

total "表空间大小",

free "表空间剩余大小",

(total - free) "表空间使用大小",

total / (1024 1024 1024) "表空间大小(G)",

free / (1024 1024 1024) "表空间剩余大小(G)",

(total - free) / (1024 1024 1024) "表空间使用大小(G)",

round((total - free) / total, 4) * 100 "使用率 %"

FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) free

FROM dba_free_space

GROUP BY tablespace_name) a,

(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) total

FROM dba_data_files

GROUP BY tablespace_name) b

WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name

查看Temp 表空间实际使用磁盘大小

Select f.tablespace_name,

d.file_name "Tempfile name",

round((f.bytes_free + f.bytes_used) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "total MB",

round(((f.bytes_free + f.bytes_used) - nvl(p.bytes_used, 0)) / 1024 / 1024,

2) "Free MB",

round(nvl(p.bytes_used, 0) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "Used MB",

round((round(nvl(p.bytes_used, 0) / 1024 / 1024, 2) /

round((f.bytes_free + f.bytes_used) / 1024 / 1024, 2)) * 100,

2) as "UsedRate(%)"

from SYS.V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER f,

DBA_TEMPFILES d,

SYS.V$TEMP_EXTENT_POOL p

where f.tablespace_name(+) = d.tablespace_name

and f.file_id(+) = d.file_id

and p.file_id(+) = d.file_id;

查看session使用回滚段

SELECT r.name 回滚段名,

s.sid,

s.serial#,

s.username 用户名,

t.status,

t.cr_get,

t.phy_io,

t.usedublk,

t.noundo,

substr(s.program, 1, 78) 操作程序

FROM sys.v$session s,sys.v$transaction t,sys.v$rollname r

WHERE t.addr = s.taddr and t.xidusn = r.usn

ORDER BY t.cr_get,t.phy_io;

查看当前临时表空间使用大小与正在占用临时表空间的sql语句

select sess.SID, segtype, blocks * 8 / 1000 "MB", sql_text

from v$sort_usage sort, v$session sess, v$sql sql

where sort.SESSION_ADDR = sess.SADDR

and sql.ADDRESS = sess.SQL_ADDRESS

order by blocks desc;

Temp表空间上进程的查询

select a.tablespace, b.sid, b.serial#, a.blocks,c.sql_text

from v$sort_usage a,v$session b,v$sqltext c

where a.session_addr = b.saddr

and b.sql_address = c.address

order by a.tablespace,b.sid,b.serial#,c.address, c.piece;

查看SGA区剩余可用内存

select name,

sgasize/1024/1024　　　　　　　　"Allocated(M)",

bytes/1024　　　　　　　　　　　 "*空间(K)",

round(bytes/sgasize100, 2)　　　"**空间百分比(%)"

from (select sum(bytes) sgasize from sys.v$sgastat) s, sys.v$sgastat f

where f.name = 'free memory';

监控表空间I/O比例

select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,

f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw

from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df

where f.file# = df.file_id

order by df.tablespace_name;

监控SGA命中率

select a.value + b.value "logical_reads",

c.value "phys_reads",

round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"

from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c

where a.statistic# = 38 and

b.statistic# = 39 and

c.statistic# = 40 ;

监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率

select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)100 "miss ratio",

(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))100 "Hit ratio"

from v$rowcache

where gets+getmisses <>0

group by parameter, gets, getmisses ;

监控 SGA **享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",

sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache

from v$librarycache;

监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,

Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets100) ratio1,

Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,

immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)100) ratio2

FROM v$latch WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');

监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10

SELECT name, value

FROM v$sysstat

WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)') ;

监控字典缓冲区

SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"

FROM V$ROWCACHE ;

非系统用户建在SYSTEM表空间中的表

SELECT owner,table_name

FROM DBA_TABLES

WHERE tablespace_name in('SYSTEM','USER_DATA') AND

owner NOT IN('SYSTEM','SYS','OUTLN', 'ORDSYS','MDSYS','SCOTT', 'HOSTEAC');

性能最差的SQL

SELECT * FROM ( SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,sql_text

FROM v$sqlarea

ORDER BY disk_reads DESC)

WHERE ROWNUM<100;

读磁盘数超100次的sql

select * from sys.v_$sqlarea where disk_reads>100;

查找消耗资源比较的sql语句

Select se.username,

se.sid,

su.extents,

su.blocks * to_number(rtrim(p.value)) as Space,

tablespace,

segtype,

sql_text

from v$sort_usage su, v$parameter p, v$session se, v$sql s

where p.name = 'db_block_size'

and su.session_addr = se.saddr

and s.hash_value = su.sqlhash

and s.address = su.sqladdr

order by se.username, se.sid;

最频繁执行的sql

select * from sys.v_$sqlarea where executions>100;

查询使用CPU多的用户session

select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value

from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c

where c.statistic#=12 and

c.sid=a.sid and

a.paddr=b.addr

order by value desc;

当前每个会话使用的对象数

SELECT a.sid,s.terminal,s.program,count(a.sid)

FROM V$ACCESS a,V$SESSION s

WHERE a.owner <> 'SYS'AND s.sid = a.sid

GROUP BY a.sid,s.terminal,s.program

ORDER BY count(a.sid) ;

查看数据库库对象

SELECT owner, object_type, status, COUNT(*) count#

FROM all_objects

GROUP BY owner, object_type, status;

查看数据库的版本

SELECT version

FROM product_component_version

WHERE substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';

查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

SELECT created, log_mode, log_mode FROM v$database;

检查角色和权限设置

根据用户名进行授权的对象级特权

select b.owner || '.' || b.table_name obj,

b.privilege what_granted,

b.grantable,

a.username

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_tab_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

order by 1, 2, 3;

根据被授权人进行授权的对象级特权

Select owner || '.' || table_name obj,

privilege what_granted,

grantable,

grantee

from sys.dba_tab_privs

where not exists (select 'x' from sys.dba_users where username = grantee)

order by 1, 2, 3;

根据用户名进行授予的系统级特权

select b.privilege what_granted, b.admin_option, a.username

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_sys_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

order by 1, 2;

根据被授权人进行授予的系统级特权

select privilege what_granted, admin_option, grantee

from sys.dba_sys_privs

where not exists (select 'x' from sys.dba_users where username = grantee)

order by 1, 2;

根据用户名授予的角色

select b.granted_role ||

decode(admin_option, 'YES', ' (With Admin Option)', null) what_granted,

a.username

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_role_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

order by 1;

根据被授权人授予的角色

select granted_role ||

decode(admin_option, 'YES', ' (With Admin Option)', null) what_granted,

grantee

from sys.dba_role_privs

where not exists (select 'x' from sys.dba_users where username = grantee)

order by 1;

用户名及已被授予的相应权限

select a.username,

b.granted_role ||

decode(admin_option, 'YES', ' (With Admin Option)', null) what_granted

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_role_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

UNION

select a.username,

b.privilege ||

decode(admin_option, 'YES', ' (With Admin Option)', null) what_granted

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_sys_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

UNION

select a.username,

b.table_name || '-' || b.privilege ||

decode(grantable, 'YES', ' (With Grant Option)', null) what_granted

from sys.dba_users a, sys.dba_tab_privs b

where a.username = b.grantee

order by 1;

查询用户名及相应的配置文件、默认的表空间和临时表空间

Select username, profile, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, created

from sys.dba_users

order by username;

等待事件V$视图

在Oracle 10g中V$SESSION_WAIT中的所有等待事件列现在都在V$SESSION中。因此，确保查询等待信息的 V$SESSION，因为它是一个更快的视图。V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY (ASH)将许多重要统计数据合并为一个视图或一个报表(ASH报表)。

马上该谁等待–查询V$SESSION_WAIT / V$SESSION

select event,

sum(decode(wait_time, 0, 1, 0)) "Waiting Now",

sum(decode(wait_time, 0, 0, 1)) "Previous Waits",

count() "Total"

from v$session_wait

group by event

order by count();

马上该谁等待；SPECIFIC Waits–查询V$SESSION_WAIT

SELECT /+ ordered/

sid, event, owner, segment_name, segment_type, p1, p2, p3

FROM v$session_wait sw, dba_extents de

WHERE de.file_id = sw.p1

AND sw.p2 between de.block_id and de.block_id + de.blocks - 1

AND (event = 'buffer busy waits' OR event = 'write complete waits')

AND p1 IS NOT null

ORDER BY event, sid;

谁在等待 - 最后10 个等待数–查询V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY

SELECT /+ ordered/

sid, event, owner, segment_name, segment_type, p1, p2, p3

FROM v$session_wait sw, dba_extents de

WHERE de.file_id = sw.p1

AND sw.p2 between de.block_id and de.block_id + de.blocks - 1

AND (event = 'buffer busy waits' OR event = 'write complete waits')

AND p1 IS NOT null

ORDER BY event, sid;

查找P1, P2, P3代表什么–查询 V$EVENT_NAME

select event#, name, parameter1 p1, parameter2 p2, parameter3 p3

from v$event_name

where name in ('buffer busy waits', 'write complete waits');

会话开始后的所有等待数–查询 V$SESSION_EVENT

select sid, event, total_waits, time_waited, event_id

from v$session_event

where time_waited > 0

order by time_waited;

类的所有会话等待数–查询V$SESSION_WAIT_CLASS

select sid, wait_class, total_waits from v$session_wait_class;

系统启动后的所有等待数–查询V$SYSTEM_EVENT

select event, total_waits, time_waited, event_id

from v$system_event

where time_waited > 0

order by time_waited;

类的系统等待数–查询V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS

select wait_class, total_waits

from v$system_wait_class

order by total_waits desc;

类的系统等待数–查询V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY

–In the query below, the highest count session is leader in non-idle wait events.

select session_id, count(1)

from v$active_session_history

group by session_id

order by 2;

–In the query below, find the SQL for the leader in non-idle wait events.

select c.sql_id, a.sql_text

from v$sql a,

(select sql_id, count(1)

from v$active_session_history b

where sql_id is not null

group by sql_id order by 2 desc) c

where rownum <= 5

order by rownum;

自动工作量仓库(AWR) 的基本信息

自动工作量仓库(AWR)在默认情况下，仓库用小时填充，保留期是7天。

AWR使用多少空间

SQL> Select occupant_name,occupant_desc,space_usage_kbytes from v$sysaux_occupants where occupant_name like '%AWR%';

OCCUPANT_NAME OCCUPANT_DESC SPACE_USAGE_KBYTES

SM/AWR Server Manageability - Automatic Workload Repository 215616

SQL>

系统上最原始的AWR信息是什么？

SQL> select dbms_stats.get_stats_history_availability from dual;

GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY

20-OCT-16 12.04.49.088829000 AM -04:00

什么是AWR信息的保留期？

SQL> select dbms_stats.get_stats_history_retention from dual;

GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION

31

将AWR信息的保留期更改为15天？

SQL> EXEC dbms_stats.alter_stats_history_retention(15);

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

获取生成的trace文件

开启SQL跟踪后，会生成一个trace文件，通过初始化参数user_dump_dest配置其所在目录，该参数的值可以通过下面方法获取到：

select name, value from v$parameter where name = 'user_dump_dest'

trace文件的名字是独立于版本和平台的，在大部分常见的平台下，命名结构如下：

{instance name}{process name}{process id}.trc

1)instance name

初始化参数instance_name的小写值。通过v$instance视图的instance_name列可以得到这个值。

2)process name

产生跟踪文件进程的名字的小写值。对于专有服务器进程，使用ora，对于共享服务器进程，可以通过v$diapatcher或v$shared_server视图的name列获得。对于并行从属进程，可以通过v$px_process视图server_name列获得，对于其他多数后台进程来说，可以通过v$bgprocess视图的name列获得。

3)process id

操作系统层面的进程标记。这个值可以通过v$process视图的spid列获取。

根据这些信息，可以通过下面的方式获取trace文件名：

select s.SID,

s.SERVER,

lower(case

when s.SERVER in ('DEDICATED', 'SHARED') then

i.INSTANCENAME || '' || nvl(pp.SERVERNAME, nvl(ss.NAME, 'ora')) || '' ||

p.SPID || '.trc'

else

null

end) as trace_file_name

from v$instance i,

v$session s,

v$process p,

v$px_process pp,

v$shared_server ss

where s.PADDR = p.ADDR

and s.SID = pp.SID(+)

and s.PADDR = ss.PADDR(+)

and s.TYPE = 'USER'

and s.SID = 'your sid'

order by s.SID

将上面的’your sid’替换为你的session的sid就可以查出指定session生成的trace文件的名字，session的sid在v$session视图中得到，或者直接查询当前session的sid：

select userenv('sid') from dual

或者

select sid from v$mystat a where rownum=1 ;

将路径(user_dump_dest)和文件名结合在一起，我们就得到了trace文件的完整路径。

而在Oracel 11g中，查询当前会话生成的trace文件则非常简单：

select value from v$diag_info where name = 'Default Trace File'