HttpClient4.5 入门

引言

本文主要记录如何构建HttpClient(4.5.x) 和 入门使用.

参考官方文档
http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.5.x/current/tutorial/html/

1. HttpClient构建

1.1 关于HttpClinet

在构建之前, 先大致了解一下HttpClient类

HttpClient子类

• DecompressingHttpClient: 装饰器类(已弃用)，支持解压缩逻辑，可用RequestAcceptEncoding/ResponseContentEncoding取代.
• AutoRetryHttpClient: 装饰器类(已弃用)，支持服务异常重试逻辑，可用ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy取代.
• CloseableHttpClient: 默认的HttpClient
  • MinimalHttpClient: 简易版HttpClient
  • AbstractHttpClient: 已弃用，文档推荐HttpClientBuilder, 构建InternalHttpClient对象.
  • InternalHttpClient: 默认访问权限, 只能通过HttpClientBuilder构建.

经过上述说明, 4.5.x版本中, 我们只需关心如何通过HttpClientBuilder构建HttpClient即可.

此外,HttpClient还提供了HttpClients作为工厂类, 封装了HttpClientBuilder和MinimalHttpClient构建.

1.2 构建HttpClient(默认)

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(2000) // 创建Socket超时时间
                .setConnectTimeout(2000) // 请求响应超时时间
                .build();

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                .build()

2. HttpClient使用入门

2.0 构建URI

// 构建URI 方式1
URI uri = URI.create("http://localhost:8080/hello?user=roylion")

// 构建URI 方式2
URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080")
                .setPath("/hello")
                .addParameter("user", "roylion")
                .build();

2.1 Get请求

基础GET请求

    /**
     * 基础get请求
     *
     * @param uri     请求路径
     * @param headers 请求header参数 {@link BasicHeader#BasicHeader(String, String)}
     * @param reqCfg  请求配置参数
     * @return 返回响应, 用完必须close()
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse baseGet(URI uri, Header[] headers, RequestConfig reqCfg) throws IOException {
        final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet();
        httpGet.setURI(uri);
        httpGet.setHeaders(headers);
        httpGet.setConfig(reqCfg);
        return httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    }

GET - FORM表单提交

   /**
     * form表单提交
     * 
     * @param uri      请求路径
     * @param formData 表单数据列表
     * @return 响应结果
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String getFrom(URI uri, List<NameValuePair> formData) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
        URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(uri);
        for (NameValuePair nameValuePair : formData) {
            uriBuilder.addParameter(nameValuePair.getName(), nameValuePair.getValue());
        }
        URI finalUri = uriBuilder.build();

        Header[] headers = new Header[]{new BasicHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")};

        try (CloseableHttpResponse resp = baseGet(finalUri, headers, null);) {
            return toString(resp.getEntity());
        }
    }

2.2 Post请求

基础POST请求

   /**
     * 基础post请求
     *
     * @param uri        请求路径
     * @param headers    请求header参数 {@link BasicHeader#BasicHeader(String, String)}
     * @param reqCfg     请求配置参数
     * @param httpEntity 请求体对象
     *                   String(文本, json...) {@link StringEntity}
     *                   form(表单) {@link UrlEncodedFormEntity}
     *                   multipartForm(文件, 图片, 文本...) {@link MultipartEntityBuilder#build()}
     * @return 返回响应, 用完必须close()
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static CloseableHttpResponse basePost(URI uri, Header[] headers, RequestConfig reqCfg, HttpEntity httpEntity) throws IOException {
        HttpPost