linux内核引导时,Linux内核引导

在老版本的内核源码中可以看到bootsect.S的引导扇区代码和setup.S辅助程序代码,BIOS把引导扇区读到0x7c00,这段代码把自身搬到0x90000处,把setup.S映像读到0x9200处

在新版本的内核中,把bootsect.S和setup.S合并到header.S中去了,并切不再负责系统的引导,而需要其他boot loader(比如grub).

header.S部分代码:

bootsect_start:

# Normalize the start address

ljmp$BOOTSEG, $start2

start2:

movw%cs, %ax

...

# Allow the user to press a key, then reboot

xorw%ax, %ax

int$0x16

int$0x19

# int 0x19 should never return.  In case it does anyway,

# invoke the BIOS reset code...

ljmp$0xf000,$0xfff0

.section ".bsdata", "a"

bugger_off_msg:

.ascii"Direct booting from floppy is no longer supported./r/n"

.ascii"Please use a boot loader program instead./r/n"

.ascii"/n"

.ascii"Remove disk and press any key to reboot . . ./r/n"

.byte0

...

section ".header", "a"

.globlhdr

hdr:

...

boot_flag:.word 0xAA55

# offset 512, entry point

从这段代码可以看出只是显示Direct booting from floppy is no longer supported...的出错信息,如果BIOS直接把他加载到0x7c00将不能引导系统启动.注意最后的注释#offset512,entry point,从文件开始到最后一行boot_flag:word0xAA55并没有512字节,看看链接脚本setup.ld就知道了:

SECTIONS

{

. = 0;

.bstext

: { *(.bstext) }

.bsdata

: { *(.bsdata) }

. = 497;

.header

: { *(.header) }

.entrytext

: { *(.entrytext) }

....

通过.=497指定header的起始地址为0x1F1(497),这样到0xAA55整好512字节.

内存分布(Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt)

~                                          ~

|  Protected-mode kernel |

100000   +---------------------------------+

|  I/O memory hole

|

0A0000

+--------------------------------+

|  Reserved for BIOS

|

Leave as much as possible unused

~                                           ~

|  Command line                |

(Can also be below the X+10000 mark)

X+10000

+--------------------------------+

|  Stack/heap

|

For use by the kernel real-mode code.

X+08000

+--------------------------------+

|  Kernel setup

|

The kernel real-mode code.

|  Kernel boot sector

|

The kernel legacy boot sector.

X               +--------------------------------+

|  Boot loader

|

001000

+--------------------------------+

|Reserved for MBR/BIOS|

000800

+--------------------------------+

| Typically used by MBR |

000600

+--------------------------------+

|    BIOS use only

|

000000

+--------------------------------+

... where the address X is as low as the design of the boot loader

permits.

Boot loader把该映像加载到X处后,修改DS寄存器的值为X,跳转到DS:0x200把控制权交给_start:,代码如下:

//header.S

...

_start:

# Explicitly enter this as bytes, or the assembler

# tries to generate a 3-byte jump here, which causes

# everything else to push off to the wrong offset.

.byte

0xeb

# short (2-byte) jump

.byte

start_of_setup-1f

...

这是一条跳转指令,跳转到 start_of_setup处