初学者安装mysql5.7_（一）mysql基础和安装mysql5.7

(1)数据库系统

RDS：关系型，oracle，mysql，mariaDB，percona server ，DB2

NoSQL：Redis，MongoDB，memcache

(2)SQL语言：结构化查询语言

DDL语句 数据定义语言：数据库丶表丶视图丶索引丶存储过程丶函数丶create drop alter

DML语句数据库操作语言：插入数据insert，删除数据delete丶更新数据update丶

DQL语句数据库查询语句：查询数据selete

DCL语句数据库控制语言：grant，revoke

(3)数据库访问技术

ODBC：php

JDBC：JAVA

(4)mysql安装方式

二进制rpm：yum repository mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

二进制预编译：Generic mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

源码编译安装：source code mysql-5.7.16.tar.gz

(5)yum安装mysql5.7

关闭防火墙和关闭selinux

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

安装mysql官方yum源和安装mysql-server

rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

yum makecache

yum repolist

yum install mysql-community-server -y

启动mysql

systemctl enable mysqld

systemctl start mysqld#mysql启动会进行数据库的初始化

数据目录和修改默认密码

yum安装的数据目录在/var/lib/mysql

ll /var/lib/mysql

mysql 5.7之后默认root密码不为空，yum安装方式的随机密码生成在/var/log/mysqld.log，根据这个随机密码重置root密码

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2018-04-17T14:57:38.763497Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1l79szme<=EJ

修改默认密码：mysqladmin -uroot -p'1l79szme<=EJ' password "Mysql@123"

(6)二进制方式安装mysql5.7.21

下载mysql5.7.21

mkdir /tools &>/dev/null ; cd /tools

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

创建用户和组

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

解压和创建软连接

tar xvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

创建mysql的数据目录和赋予权限

mkdir -pv /data/mydata

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mydata

mysql初始化

cd /usr/local/mysql

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata

#会生成一个临时root密码：A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: pet3luts*F#R

创建mysql配置文件/etc/my.cnf

cp -rf /etc/my.cnf{,.old}

>/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mydata

mysql启动脚本

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >>/etc/profile

source /etc/profile

启动mysql

systemctl start mysqld

ss -anltup | grep 3306

ps -ef | grep mysqld

进入到mysql，需要重置mysql密码

mysql -uroot -p'pet3luts*F#R'

mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'MysqlMysql@123';

mysql> flush privileges;

或者使用这种方式修改：mysqladmin -uroot -p'MysqlMysql@123' password "Mysql@123"