python虚拟机分布式爬虫_分布式爬虫实战

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 11:48:48 发布

weixin_39964590

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 11:48:48 发布

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文章标签： python虚拟机分布式爬虫

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39964590/article/details/111485727

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本文介绍了在一台虚拟机和本地电脑上搭建分布式爬虫的步骤，包括环境配置、Scrapy项目设置修改、Scrapyd部署以及启动爬虫。通过配置Scrapy、MongoDB、Redis，实现增量式和分布式爬取知乎数据。

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一、环境搭建

由于条件有限，一台虚拟机，一台笔记本。

在虚拟机上装上mongodb数据库、redis数据库、redis_scrapy、pymongo、scrapyd

在本地电脑上装上monodb数据库、redis数据库、redis_scrapy、pymongo、scrapyd-clientl、scrapyd-api

二、修改爬虫项目的settings

如果使用分布式爬虫，配置文件需要做以下修改：

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#Scrapy settings for zhihu project#

#For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or#commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:#

#https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME= 'zhihu'SPIDER_MODULES= ['zhihu.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE= 'zhihu.spiders'

#Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent#USER_AGENT = 'zhihu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

#Obey robots.txt rules

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY =False#Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

#Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay#See also autothrottle settings and docs#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3#The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

#Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

#Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

#Override the default request headers:

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS ={'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8','Accept-Language': 'en','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36',':authority': 'www.zhihu.com'}#Enable or disable spider middlewares#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {#'zhihu.middlewares.ZhihuSpiderMiddleware': 543,#}

#Enable or disable downloader middlewares#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {#'zhihu.middlewares.ZhihuDownloaderMiddleware': 543,#}

#Enable or disable extensions#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,#}

#Configure item pipelines#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

ITEM_PIPELINES ={#'zhihu.pipelines.ZhihuPipeline': 300,

'zhihu.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301,

}#Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True#The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5#The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60#The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to#each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0#Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

#Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)#See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

MONGO_URI="localhost"MONGO_DATABASE="zhihu"SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"

DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

#SCHEDULER_PERSIST=True #爬取的requests以及dupefilter会保存在数据库中

REDIS_URL= 'redis://root:bright@192.168.0.104:6379'

#REDIS_URL = 'redis:127.0.0.1:6379'

在以前的配置文件中加入：

'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301, #pipeline配置中加入

SCHEDULER= "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"DUPEFILTER_CLASS= "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

这样完成了增量式的爬虫，但还不是分布式的爬虫。

三、scrapyd部署爬虫项目

1、在爬虫项目的scrapy.cfg中进行如下修改

#Automatically created by: scrapy startproject#