python程序设计应用第三章_《Python编程：从入门到实践》第三章：列表简介

Python编程：从入门到实践

这篇文章主要知识点是关于Python编程,从入门到实践,列表简介，Python编程：从入门到实践，的内容，如果大家想对相关知识点有系统深入的学习，可以参阅以下电子书

什么是列表呢？

官方说明就是由一些列按特点顺序排列的元素组成。其实可以看出很多个字符串的有序组合吧，里面的内容可以随时的删除，增加，修改。

下面这个就是一个列表，python打印列表的时候会将中括号和引号打印出来的

>>> name = ['liubin','liujian','liuliu']

>>> print (name)

['liubin', 'liujian', 'liuliu']

有序的列表

和大多数编程语言一样，列表的第一个元素的索引是0，而不是1。如果要输出最后一个元素可以使用-1，倒数第二个可以使用-2，以此类推。

>>> language = ['python','C++','Java','PHP','Ruby']

>>> print (language[0])

python

>>> print (language[2])

Java

>>> print (language[-1])

Ruby

>>> print (language[-2].lower())

php

列表的修改、添加和删除元素

修改：其实就是对元素的重新赋值

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'

print(motorcycles)

['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

在末尾添加：append()

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

motorcycles.append('ducati')

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

在列表中插入:insert(索引,字符串)

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

motorcycles.insert(0, 'ducati')

print(motorcycles)

del语句删除元素，需要知道元素在列表中索引，删除后，无法再次访问它了

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

del motorcycles[0]

print(motorcycles)

['yamaha', 'suzuki']

pop()弹出元素，默认是弹出最顶层的元素，就是最后一个，如果知道元素在列表中的位置，可以添加索引弹出

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha']

print(popped_motorcycle)

suzuki

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'

first_owned = motorcycles.pop(0)

print('The first motorcycle I owned was a ' + first_owned.title() + '.')

The first motorcycle I owned was a Honda.

有的时候你不知道元素的位置，但是知道元素的内容，可以使用remove('字符串')或者remove(变量)来删除，remove()只能删除第一个指定的值，删除的值可能在列表中出现多次，就需要使用后面学习到的循环了。

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']

motorcycles.remove('ducati')

print(motorcycles)

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

永久性排序

方法sort()对列表进行永久的排序

>>> car = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']

>>> print (car)

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

>>> car.sort()

>>> print (car)

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

>>> car.sort(reverse=True)

>>> print (car)

['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']

向方法传递参数reverse=Ture可以倒着排序

临时性排序

函数sorted()对列表进行临时的排序

>>> car = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']

>>> print (sorted(car))

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

>>> print (car)

['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

如果你要按与字母顺序相反的顺序显示列表，也可以向函数sorted()传递参数reverse=Ture

翻转列表

方法reverse()反正列表

>>> car = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']

>>> car.reverse()

>>> print (car)

['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']

求列表的长度

函数len()可以知道列表的长度，python计算元素个数的时候，是从1开始的。

>>> car = ['bmw','audi','toyota','subaru']

>>> len(car)

4

课后练习及答案

#3-1 姓名

names = ['Qiqi','Danliang','Mingliang','Peng']

for x in range(0,4):

print(names[x])

#3-2 问候语

names = ['qiqi','qanliang','mingliang','peng']

for x in range(0,4):

print("Hello," + names[x].title() + "大吉大利！")

#3-3 自己的列表

trip_mode = ['小黄车','摩拜','暴龙兽','大宝剑']

for x in range(0,4):

print("我今天想骑" + trip_mode[x] + "去抓皮卡丘！")

#3-4 嘉宾名单

names = []

names.append('新垣结衣')

names.append('奥黛丽赫本')

names.append('迪丽热巴')

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

#3-5 修改嘉宾名单

names = []

names.append('新垣结衣')

names.append('奥黛丽赫本')

names.append('迪丽热巴')

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print(names[1] + '无法赴约。')

names[1] = ('赵丽颖') #改名单

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

#3-6 添加嘉宾

names = []

names.append('新垣结衣')

names.append('奥黛丽赫本')

names.append('迪丽热巴')

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\n' + names[1] + '无法赴约。\n')

names[1] = ('赵丽颖') #改名单

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\nHaha~,I found a bigger table, I can invite more people!\n')

names.insert(0,'紫霞')

names.insert(2,'静香')

names.append('提莫')

for x in range(0,len(names)):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

#3-7 缩减名单

names = []

names.append('新垣结衣')

names.append('奥黛丽赫本')

names.append('迪丽热巴')

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\n' + names[1] + '无法赴约。\n')

names[1] = ('赵丽颖') #改名单

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\nHaha~,I found a bigger table, I can invite more people!\n')

names.insert(0,'紫霞')

names.insert(2,'静香')

names.append('提莫')

for x in range(0,len(names)):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\nOh! GouRiDe快递没给我把桌子送来，我只能邀请两位了(┬＿┬)！\n')

X = len(names)

for x in range(0,X-2):

popped_name = names.pop()

print('实在抱歉，' + popped_name +'我不能与你共进晚餐了！')

for x in range(0,len(names)):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',我依然邀请你来与我共进晚餐！')

del names[1] #del列表应从后往前！

del names[0]

print(names)

#3-8 放眼世界

cities = ['chongqing','chengdu','xiamen','kuning','shenzhen']

print(cities)

print(sorted(cities))

print(cities)

print(sorted(cities,reverse=True))

print(cities)

cities.reverse()

print(cities)

cities.reverse()

print(cities)

cities.sort()

print(cities)

cities.sort(reverse=True)

print(cities)

#3-9 晚餐嘉宾

names = []

names.append('新垣结衣')

names.append('奥黛丽赫本')

names.append('迪丽热巴')

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\n' + names[1] + '无法赴约。\n')

names[1] = ('赵丽颖') #改名单

for x in range(0,3):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\nHaha~,I found a bigger table, I can invite more people!\n')

names.insert(0,'紫霞')

names.insert(2,'静香')

names.append('提莫')

for x in range(0,len(names)):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',Can you come to my dinner?')

print('\nOh! GouRiDe快递没给我把桌子送来，我只能邀请两位了(┬＿┬)！\n')

X = len(names)

for x in range(0,X-2):

popped_name = names.pop()

print('实在抱歉，' + popped_name +'我不能与你共进晚餐了！')

for x in range(0,len(names)):

print('Dear ' + names[x] + ',我依然邀请你来与我共进晚餐！')

print('\n最后，我将邀请' + str(len(names)) + '个人参加晚宴！')

del names[1] #del列表应从后往前！

del names[0]

print(names)

以上就是本次给大家分享的全部知识点内容总结，大家还可以在下方相关文章里找到解决axios.interceptors.respon、

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儿童python编程入门书籍推、

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