python 启动外部程序_python打开外部应用

1、打开外部程序

1.1

os.system —> 发送命令，让系统执行，没有返回值

os.popen —> 可执行系统命令，可以获取标准输出

lll = os.popen(‘ls’)

lll.read()

os.popen2 —> 元组方式返回标准输入和标准输出

stdin,stdou = os.popen2(‘sort’)

s = ‘’’ e c d b e’’

stdin.write(s)

stdin.close() —> 写入之后必须关闭或flush 才可以读取到数据

stdou.read()

os.popen3 —> 返回标准输入，标准输出，标准错误

pipe_in,pipe_out,pipe_err = os.popen3(‘sort’)

os.popen4 —> 返回标准输入和标准错误

pipe_in,pipe_out_err = os.popen4(‘sort’)

1.2

subprocess

import subprocess

In [14]: subprocess.

subprocess.call subprocess.os

subprocess.CalledProcessError subprocess.pickle

subprocess.check_call subprocess.PIPE

subprocess.check_output subprocess.Popen

subprocess.errno subprocess.select

subprocess.fcntl subprocess.signal

subprocess.gc subprocess.STDOUT

subprocess.list2cmdline subprocess.sys

subprocess.MAXFD subprocess.traceback

subprocess.mswindows subprocess.types

主要方法：call 和check_call

subprocess.call([‘ls’,’-l’],shell = False) —》默认由python执行命令

subprocess.call(‘ls -l’,shell = True) —>利用shell的方式执行命令

subprocess.check_all —》 返回python错误而不是shell错误

可用try捕获异常

try:

subprocess.check_all(‘mkdir aaa’,shell=True)

except Exception;err:

print “error”

subf =subprocess.Popen([‘sort’,’-n’],stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=False) —>从管道中导入标准输入和标准输出

s = ‘’’ s d f g w’’

subf.stdin.write(s)

subf.stdin.close()

print subf.stdou.read()

1.3

import glob

glob.glob(‘a*’) —> 返回以a开头的文件名

1.4 shlex —> 切割模块

import shlex

mysql_conn = ‘mysql -u root -p 123456 -m “hello world”’

args = shlex.split(mysql_conn)

args

subf =subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(mysql_conn),stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=False)

1.5 PIPE管道

from subprocess import Popen,PIPE

p1 = Popen([‘ls’],stdout = PIPE)

P2 = Popen([‘grep’,’py’],stdin=p1.stdou,stdou=PIPE)

print p2.stdou.read()

p3 = Popen([‘ls’],stdout = open(‘text.txt’,’wb’)) —>结果写入文件里