python图表制作方法_Python使用plotly绘制数据图表的方法

本篇文章主要介绍了Python使用plotly绘制数据图表的方法，实例分析了plotly绘制的技巧。

导语：使用 python-plotly 模块来进行压测数据的绘制，并且生成静态 html 页面结果展示。

不少小伙伴在开发过程中都有对模块进行压测的经历，压测结束后大家往往喜欢使用Excel处理压测数据并绘制数据可视化视图，但这样不能很方便的使用web页面进行数据展示。本文将介绍使用python-plotly模块来进行压测数据的绘制，并且生成静态html页面方便结果展示。

Plotly绘图实例：

1、line-plots

绘图效果：

生成的html页面在右上角提供了丰富的交互工具。

代码：

1 importplotly.plotly2 importplotly.graph_objs as pg3

4

5 defline_plots(output_path):6 """

7 绘制普通线图8 """

9 #数据，x为横坐标，y,z为纵坐标的两项指标，三个array长度相同

10 dataset = {'x': [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],11 'y': [5, 4, 1,3, 11, 2, 6, 7, 19, 20],12 'z': [12, 9, 0, 0, 3, 25, 8, 17, 22, 5]}13

14 data_g =[]15 #分别插入 y, z

16 tr_x =pg.Scatter(17 x=dataset['x'],18 y=dataset['y'],19 name='y'

20 )21 data_g.append(tr_x)22 tr_z =pg.Scatter(23 x=dataset['x'],24 y=dataset['z'],25 name='z'

26 )27 data_g.append(tr_z)28

29 #设置layout,指定图表title,x轴和y轴名称

30 layout = pg.Layout(title="line plots", xaxis={'title': 'x'}, yaxis={'title': 'value'})31 #将layout设置到图表

32 fig = pg.Figure(data=data_g, layout=layout)33 #绘图,输出路径为output_path参数指定

34 plotly.offline.plot(fig, filename=output_path)35

36

37 if __name__ == '__main__':38 line_plots(output_path)

2、scatter-plots

绘图效果：

1 importplotly.plotly2 importplotly.graph_objs as pg3

4

5 defscatter_plots(output_path):6 '''

7 绘制散点图8 '''

9 dataset = {'x':[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],10 'y':[5,4,1,3,11,2,6,7,19,20],11 'text':['5_txt','4_txt','1_txt','3_txt','11_txt','2_txt','6_txt','7_txt','19_txt','20_txt']}12

13 data_g =[]14

15 tr_x =pg.Scatter(16 x = dataset['x'],17 y = dataset['y'],18 text = dataset['text'],19 textposition='top center',20 mode='markers+text',21 name = 'y'

22 )23 data_g.append(tr_x)24

25 layout = pg.Layout(title="scatter plots", xaxis={'title':'x'}, yaxis={'title':'value'})26 fig = pg.Figure(data=data_g, layout=layout)27 plotly.offline.plot(fig, filename=output_path)28

29

30 if __name__ == '__main__':31 scatter_plots("C:/Users/fuqia/Desktop/scatter.html")

3、bar-charts

绘图效果：

代码：

1 importplotly.plotly2 importplotly.graph_objs as pg3

4

5 defbar_charts(name):6 '''

7 绘制柱状图8 '''

9 dataset = {'x':['Windows', 'Linux', 'Unix', 'MacOS'],10 'y1':[45, 26, 37, 13],11 'y2':[19, 27, 33, 21]}12 data_g =[]13 tr_y1 =pg.Bar(14 x = dataset['x'],15 y = dataset['y1'],16 name = 'v1'

17 )18 data_g.append(tr_y1)19

20 tr_y2 =pg.Bar(21 x = dataset['x'],22 y = dataset['y2'],23 name = 'v2'

24 )25 data_g.append(tr_y2)26 layout = pg.Layout(title="bar charts", xaxis={'title':'x'}, yaxis={'title':'value'})27 fig = pg.Figure(data=data_g, layout=layout)28 plotly.offline.plot(fig, filename=name)29

30

31 if __name__ == '__main__':32 bar_charts("C:/Users/fuqia/Desktop/bar.html")

4、pie-charts

绘图效果：

代码：

1 importplotly.plotly2 importplotly.graph_objs as pg3

4

5 defpie_charts(name):6 '''

7 绘制饼图8 '''

9 dataset = {'labels': ['Windows', 'Linux', 'Unix', 'MacOS', 'Android', 'iOS'],10 'values': [280, 25, 10, 100, 250, 270]}11 data_g =[]12 tr_p =pg.Pie(13 labels = dataset['labels'],14 values = dataset['values']15 )16 data_g.append(tr_p)17 layout = pg.Layout(title="pie charts")18 fig = pg.Figure(data=data_g, layout=layout)19 plotly.offline.plot(fig, filename=name)20

21

22 if __name__ == '__main__':23 pie_charts("C:/Users/fuqia/Desktop/bar.html")

5、filled-area-plots

本例是绘制具有填充效果的堆叠线图，适合分析具有堆叠百分比属性的数据

绘图效果：

代码：

1 importplotly.plotly2 importplotly.graph_objs as pg3

4

5 deffilled_area_plots(name):6 '''

7 绘制堆叠填充的线图8 '''

9 dataset = {'x':[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],10 'y1':[5,4,1,3,11,2,6,7,19,20],11 'y2':[12,9,0,0,3,25,8,17,22,5],12 'y3':[13,22,46,1,15,4,18,11,17,20]}13

14 #计算y1,y2,y3的堆叠占比

15 dataset['y1_stack'] = dataset['y1']16 dataset['y2_stack'] = [y1+y2 for y1, y2 in zip(dataset['y1'], dataset['y2'])]17 dataset['y3_stack'] = [y1+y2+y3 for y1, y2, y3 in zip(dataset['y1'], dataset['y2'], dataset['y3'])]18

19 dataset['y1_text'] = ['%s(%s%%)'%(y1, y1*100/y3_s) for y1, y3_s in zip(dataset['y1'], dataset['y3_stack'])]20 dataset['y2_text'] = ['%s(%s%%)'%(y2, y2*100/y3_s) for y2, y3_s in zip(dataset['y2'], dataset['y3_stack'])]21 dataset['y3_text'] = ['%s(%s%%)'%(y3, y3*100/y3_s) for y3, y3_s in zip(dataset['y3'], dataset['y3_stack'])]22

23 data_g =[]24 tr_1 =pg.Scatter(25 x = dataset['x'],26 y = dataset['y1_stack'],27 text = dataset['y1_text'],28 hoverinfo = 'x+text',29 mode = 'lines',30 name = 'y1',31 fill = 'tozeroy' #填充方式: 到x轴

32 )33 data_g.append(tr_1)34

35 tr_2 =pg.Scatter(36 x = dataset['x'],37 y = dataset['y2_stack'],38 text = dataset['y2_text'],39 hoverinfo = 'x+text',40 mode = 'lines',41 name = 'y2',42 fill = 'tonexty' #填充方式:到下方的另一条线

43 )44 data_g.append(tr_2)45

46 tr_3 =pg.Scatter(47 x = dataset['x'],48 y = dataset['y3_stack'],49 text = dataset['y3_text'],50 hoverinfo = 'x+text',51 mode = 'lines',52 name = 'y3',53 fill = 'tonexty'

54 )55 data_g.append(tr_3)56

57 layout = pg.Layout(title="field area plots", xaxis={'title':'x'}, yaxis={'title':'value'})58 fig = pg.Figure(data=data_g, layout=layout)59 plotly.offline.plot(fig, filename=name)60

61

62 if __name__ == '__main__':63 filled_area_plots("C:/Users/fuqia/Desktop/bar.html")

小结

本文介绍了利用python-plotly绘制数据图的方法，实例中 线图(line plots)、散点图(scatter plots)、柱状图(bar charts)、饼图(pie charts)以及填充堆叠线图(filled area plots)这五种典型的图表基本上涵盖了大部分类型的测试数据，各位小伙伴可以加以变形绘制出更多的漂亮图标。

参考资料

1. https://plot.ly/python/basic-charts/

2. https://images.plot.ly/plotly-documentation/images/python_cheat_sheet.pdf