摘要:这个时代对速度和性能要求越来越高,前端开发中兼容性问题是一个让人头疼的问题,也许在这台设备上明明好好的,但是换一个设备就会让人哭笑不得,对于用户体验和流量资源的开销也是要考虑的一个问题,当下我们正在学习的webpack在这方面有着怎样的措施呢?这里我们将从对Css的处理说起。
大纲:
- 从js中提取css成单独的文件
- Css的兼容性问题处理
- Css文件的压缩
一、CSS文件的提取
- 安装插件
npm install --save-dev mini-css-extract-plugin
- webpack.config.js配置
const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
module.exports = {
entry: './src/js/index.js',
output: {
filename: 'js/built.js',
path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.css$/,
use: [
// 创建style标签,将样式放入
// 'style-loader',
// 这个loader取代style-loader。作用:提取js中的css成单独文件
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
// 将css文件整合到js文件中
'css-loader'
]
}
]
},
plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: './src/index.html'
}),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
// 对输出的css文件进行重命名
filename: 'css/built.css'
})
],
mode: 'development'
};
3. html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>webpack</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box1"></div>
<div id="box2"></div>
</body>
</html>
4. css文件
//a.css
#box1 {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
//b.css
#box2 {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
}
5. 入口文件index.js
import '../css/a.css';
import '../css/b.css';
6. 测试结果
二、兼容性处理
- 安装
npm install --save-dev postcss-loader postcss-preset-env
- 配置文件
const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
// 设置nodejs环境变量
// process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
module.exports = {
entry: './src/js/index.js',
output: {
filename: 'js/built.js',
path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.css$/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader',
/*
css兼容性处理:postcss --> postcss-loader postcss-preset-env
帮postcss找到package.json中browserslist里面的配置,通过配置加载指定的css兼容性样式
"browserslist": {
// 开发环境 --> 设置node环境变量:process.env.NODE_ENV = development
"development": [
"last 1 chrome version",
"last 1 firefox version",
"last 1 safari version"
],
// 生产环境:默认是看生产环境
"production": [
">0.2%",
"not dead",
"not op_mini all"
]
}
*/
// 使用loader的默认配置
// 'postcss-loader',
// 修改loader的配置
{
loader: 'postcss-loader',
options: {
ident: 'postcss',
plugins: () => [
// postcss的插件
require('postcss-preset-env')()
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: './src/index.html'
}),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
filename: 'css/built.css'
})
],
mode: 'development'
};
3. package.json中添加browserslist的配置
官方参考地址:https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist
"browserslist": {
"development": [
"last 1 chrome version",
"last 1 firefox version",
"last 1 safari version"
],
"production": [
">0.2%",
"not dead",
"not op_mini all"
]
}
4. 测试:
三、压缩
- 安装
npm install --save-dev optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin
- 配置文件
const { resolve } = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
// 设置nodejs环境变量
// process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
module.exports = {
entry: './src/js/index.js',
output: {
filename: 'js/built.js',
path: resolve(__dirname, 'build')
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /.css$/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader',
{
loader: 'postcss-loader',
options: {
ident: 'postcss',
plugins: () => [
// postcss的插件
require('postcss-preset-env')()
]
}
}
]
}
]
},
plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: './src/index.html'
}),
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
filename: 'css/built.css'
}),
// 压缩css
new OptimizeCssAssetsWebpackPlugin()
],
mode: 'development'
};
3. 其他的文件和上面一样
4. 测试: