如何看python的帮助_如何查看Python帮助文档,python

>>>

help(dict)

Help on dict object:

class dict(object)

|  dict() -> new empty dictionary

|  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's

|      (key, value) pairs

|  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:

|      d = {}

|      for k, v in iterable:

|          d[k] = v

|  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs

|      in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)

|

|  Methods defined here:

|

|  __contains__(self, key, /)

|      True if the dictionary has the specified key, else False.

|

|  __delitem__(self, key, /)

|      Delete self[key].

|

|  __eq__(self, value, /)

|      Return self==value.

|

|  __ge__(self, value, /)

|      Return self>=value.

|

|  __getattribute__(self, name, /)

|      Return getattr(self, name).

|

|

__getitem__

(...)

|      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

|

|  __gt__(self, value, /)

|      Return self>value.

|

|  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)

|      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

|

|

__iter__

(self, /)

|      Implement iter(self).

|

|  __le__(self, value, /)

|      Return self<=value.

|

|  __len__(self, /)

|      Return len(self).

|

|  __lt__(self, value, /)

|      Return self

|

|  __ne__(self, value, /)

|      Return self!=value.

|

|  __repr__(self, /)

|      Return repr(self).

|

|  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)

|      Set self[key] to value.

|

|  __sizeof__(...)

|      D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes

|

|  clear(...)

|      D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.

|

|  copy(...)

|      D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D

|

|  get(self, key, default=None, /)

|      Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

|

|  items(...)

|      D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items

|

|  keys(...)

|      D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys

|

|  pop(...)

|      D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.

|      If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised

|

|  popitem(...)

|      D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a

|      2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.

|

|  setdefault(self, key, default=None, /)

|      Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary.

|

|      Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.

|

|  update(...)

|      D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.

|      If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]

|      If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v

|      In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]

|

|  values(...)

|      D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values

|

|  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

|  Class methods defined here:

|

|  fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type

|      Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.

|

|  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

|  Static methods defined here:

|

|  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type

|      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.

|

|  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

|  Data and other attributes defined here:

|

|  __hash__ = None

>>>

help(sorted)

Help on built-in function sorted in module builtins:

sorted(

iterable

, /, *, key=None, reverse=False)

Return a new list containing all items from the iterable in ascending order.

A custom key function can be supplied to customize the sort order, and the

reverse flag can be set to request the result in descending order.

>>>

PS: 任何具有__iter__()或__getitem__()方法的对象，Python就认为它是一个iterable。

iterable

可迭代对象可迭代的

>>>

help(operator.itemgetter(1))

Help on itemgetter object:

class itemgetter(builtins.object)

|

itemgetter

(item, ...) --> itemgetter object

|

|  Return a callable object that fetches the given item(s) from its operand.

|  After f = itemgetter(2), the call f(r) returns r[2].

|  After g = itemgetter(2, 5, 3), the call g(r) returns (r[2], r[5], r[3])

|

|  Methods defined here:

|

|  __call__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)

|      Call self as a function.

|

|  __getattribute__(self, name, /)

|      Return getattr(self, name).

|

|  __reduce__(...)

|      Return state information for pickling

|

|  __repr__(self, /)

|      Return repr(self).

|

|  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

|  Static methods defined here:

|

|  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type

|      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.

>>>

示例

>>> d

#字典类型

{'A': 2, 'B': 1, 'C': 5, 'D': 1}

>>>

d.items()

dict_items([('A', 2), ('B', 1), ('C', 5), ('D', 1)])

>>>

d.keys()

dict_keys(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])

>>>

import operator

>>> sorted(d.items(), key=

operator.itemgetter(0)

, reverse=True)

#按照key排序

[('D', 1), ('C', 5), ('B', 1), ('A', 2)]

>>> sorted(d.items(), key=

operator.itemgetter(1)

, reverse=True)

#按照value排序

[('C', 5), ('A', 2), ('B', 1), ('D', 1)]

>>> d4=sorted(d.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(

1

), reverse=True)

#按照value的大小对字典d4进行降序排序

>>> d4

[('C', 5), ('A', 2), ('B', 1), ('D', 1)]

#排序后的结果，它是一个list，元素为tuple

>>> d4[0]

('C', 5)

>>> d4[0][0]

'C'

>>> d4[0][1]

5

>>>