JAVA反射机制：
通俗地说,反射机制就是可以把一个类,类的成员(函数,属性),当成一个对象来操作,希望读者能理解,也就是说,类,类的成员,我们在运行的时候还可以动态地去操作他们.
理论的东东太多也没用，下面我们看看实践 Demo ～
Demo:
package cn.lee.demo;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
public class Main {
/**
* 为了看清楚Java反射部分代码，所有异常我都最后抛出来给虚拟机处理！
* @param args
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* @throws NoSuchFieldException
* @throws SecurityException
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//Demo1. 通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名
Demo1();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo2. 验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象
Demo2();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo3. 通过Java反射机制，用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在]，无参构造
Demo3();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo4: 通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数，并实现构造带参实例对象
Demo4();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo5: 通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get
Demo5();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性： 继承的接口，父类，函数信息，成员信息，类型等
Demo6();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类中方法
Demo7();
System.out.println("===============================================");
//Demo8: 通过Java反射机制获得类加载器
Demo8();
System.out.println("===============================================");
}
/**
* Demo1: 通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名
*/
public static void Demo1()
{
Person person = new Person();
System.out.println("Demo1: 包名: " + person.getClass().getPackage().getName() + "，"
+ "完整类名: " + person.getClass().getName());
}
/**
* Demo2: 验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
public static void Demo2() throws ClassNotFoundException
{
//定义两个类型都未知的Class , 设置初值为null, 看看如何给它们赋值成Person类
Class> class1 = null;
Class> class2 = null;
//写法1, 可能抛出 ClassNotFoundException [多用这个写法]
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
System.out.println("Demo2:(写法1) 包名: " + class1.getPackage().getName() + "，"
+ "完整类名: " + class1.getName());
//写法2
class2 = Person.class;
System.out.println("Demo2:(写法2) 包名: " + class2.getPackage().getName() + "，"
+ "完整类名: " + class2.getName());
}
/**
* Demo3: 通过Java反射机制，用Class 创建类对象[这也就是反射存在的意义所在]
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws InstantiationException
*/
public static void Demo3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
{
Class> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
//由于这里不能带参数，所以你要实例化的这个类Person，一定要有无参构造函数哈～
Person person = (Person) class1.newInstance();
person.setAge(20);
person.setName("LeeFeng");
System.out.println("Demo3: " + person.getName() + " : " + person.getAge());
}
/**
* Demo4: 通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数，并实现创建带参实例对象
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
*/
public static void Demo4() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException
{
Class> class1 = null;
Person person1 = null;
Person person2 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
//得到一系列构造函数集合
Constructor>[] constructors = class1.getConstructors();
person1 = (Person) constructors[0].newInstance();
person1.setAge(30);
person1.setName("leeFeng");
person2 = (Person) constructors[1].newInstance(20,"leeFeng");
System.out.println("Demo4: " + person1.getName() + " : " + person1.getAge()
+ " , " + person2.getName() + " : " + person2.getAge()
);
}
/**
* Demo5: 通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get
*
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* @throws NoSuchFieldException
* @throws SecurityException
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
public static void Demo5() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException
{
Class> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
Object obj = class1.newInstance();
Field personNameField = class1.getDeclaredField("name");
personNameField.setAccessible(true);
personNameField.set(obj, "胖虎先森");
System.out.println("Demo5: 修改属性之后得到属性变量的值：" + personNameField.get(obj));
}
/**
* Demo6: 通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性： 继承的接口，父类，函数信息，成员信息，类型等
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
public static void Demo6() throws ClassNotFoundException
{
Class> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
//取得父类名称
Class> superClass = class1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println("Demo6: SuperMan类的父类名: " + superClass.getName());
System.out.println("===============================================");
Field[] fields = class1.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
System.out.println("类中的成员: " + fields[i]);
}
System.out.println("===============================================");
//取得类方法
Method[] methods = class1.getDeclaredMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Demo6,取得SuperMan类的方法：");
System.out.println("函数名：" + methods[i].getName());
System.out.println("函数返回类型：" + methods[i].getReturnType());
System.out.println("函数访问修饰符：" + Modifier.toString(methods[i].getModifiers()));
System.out.println("函数代码写法： " + methods[i]);
}
System.out.println("===============================================");
//取得类实现的接口,因为接口类也属于Class,所以得到接口中的方法也是一样的方法得到哈
Class> interfaces[] = class1.getInterfaces();
for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
System.out.println("实现的接口类名: " + interfaces[i].getName() );
}
}
/**
* Demo7: 通过Java反射机制调用类方法
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
* @throws SecurityException
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* @throws InstantiationException
*/
public static void Demo7() throws ClassNotFoundException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException
{
Class> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
System.out.println("Demo7: \n调用无参方法fly()：");
Method method = class1.getMethod("fly");
method.invoke(class1.newInstance());
System.out.println("调用有参方法walk(int m)：");
method = class1.getMethod("walk",int.class);
method.invoke(class1.newInstance(),100);
}
/**
* Demo8: 通过Java反射机制得到类加载器信息
*
* 在java中有三种类类加载器。[这段资料网上截取]
1)Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写，一般开发中很少见。
2)Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载，一般对应的是jre\lib\ext目录中的类
3)AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类，是最常用的加载器。同时也是java中默认的加载器。
*
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
public static void Demo8() throws ClassNotFoundException
{
Class> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
String nameString = class1.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
System.out.println("Demo8: 类加载器类名: " + nameString);
}
}
/**
*
* @author xiaoyaomeng
*
*/
class Person{
private int age;
private String name;
public Person(){
}
public Person(int age, String name){
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
class SuperMan extends Person implements ActionInterface
{
private boolean BlueBriefs;
public void fly()
{
System.out.println("超人会飞耶～～");
}
public boolean isBlueBriefs() {
return BlueBriefs;
}
public void setBlueBriefs(boolean blueBriefs) {
BlueBriefs = blueBriefs;
}
@Override
public void walk(int m) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("超人会走耶～～走了" + m + "米就走不动了！");
}
}
interface ActionInterface{
public void walk(int m);
}
个人觉得使用反射机制的一些地方：
1.工厂模式：Factory类中用反射的话，添加了一个新的类之后，就不需要再修改工厂类Factory了
二、实现步骤及反射优化
步骤1：创建一个接口
public interface Animal {
public void eat();
}
步骤二：创建实现接口的实体类。
public class Peoples implements Animal {
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("People eat with chopsticks");
}
}
public class Panda implements Animal {
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Pandas eat bamboo");
}
}
步骤3：创建一个工厂，生成基于给定信息的实体类的对象。
原始类
public class AnimalFactor {
public Animal getAnimal(String animalType) {
if(animalType == null) {
return null;
}
if("PEOPLES".equals(animalType)) {
return new Peoples();
} else if("Panda".equals(animalType)) {
return new Panda();
}
}
}
反射优化
public class AnimalFactor {
public static Object getClass(Class<?extends Animal> clazz) {
Object obj = null;
try {
obj = Class.forName(clazz.getName()).newInstance();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return obj;
}
}
步骤4：使用该工厂，通过传递类型信息来获取实体类的对象。
public class FactorDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnimalFactory animalFactory = new AnimalFactory();
Animal animal1 = animalFactory.getAnimal("PEOPLES");
animal1.eat();
Animal animal2 = animalFactory.getAnimal("PANDA");
animal2.eat();
}
}
反射实现
Peoples peoples = (Peoples) AnimalFactory.getClass(Peoples.class);
peoples .eat();
2.数据库JDBC中通过Class.forName(Driver).来获得数据库连接驱动
3.分析类文件：毕竟能得到类中的方法等等
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