inspect python_python之inspect模块

inspect模块主要提供了四种用处：

1.对是否是模块、框架、函数进行类型检查

2.获取源码

3.获取类或者函数的参数信息

4.解析堆栈

一、type and members

1. inspect.getmembers(object[, predicate])

第二个参数通常可以根据需要调用如下16个方法；

返回值为object的所有成员，以（name,value）对组成的列表

inspect.ismodule(object)： 是否为模块

inspect.isclass(object)：是否为类

inspect.ismethod(object)：是否为方法（bound method written in python）

inspect.isfunction(object)：是否为函数(python function, including lambda expression)

inspect.isgeneratorfunction(object)：是否为python生成器函数

inspect.isgenerator(object):是否为生成器

inspect.istraceback(object)： 是否为traceback

inspect.isframe(object)：是否为frame

inspect.iscode(object)：是否为code

inspect.isbuiltin(object)：是否为built-in函数或built-in方法

inspect.isroutine(object)：是否为用户自定义或者built-in函数或方法

inspect.isabstract(object)：是否为抽象基类

inspect.ismethoddescriptor(object)：是否为方法标识符

inspect.isdatadescriptor(object)：是否为数字标识符，数字标识符有__get__ 和__set__属性； 通常也有__name__和__doc__属性

inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object)：是否为getset descriptor

inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object)：是否为member descriptor

inspect的getmembers()方法可以获取对象（module、class、method等）的如下属性：

TypeAttributeDescriptionNotes

module

__doc__

documentation string

__file__

filename (missing for built-in modules)

class

__doc__

documentation string

__module__

name of module in which this class was defined

method

__doc__

documentation string

__name__

name with which this method was defined

im_class

class object that asked for this method

(1)

im_func or __func__

function object containing implementation of method

im_self or __self__

instance to which this method is bound, or None

function

__doc__

documentation string

__name__

name with which this function was defined

func_code

code object containing compiled function bytecode

func_defaults

tuple of any default values for arguments

func_doc

(same as __doc__)

func_globals

global namespace in which this function was defined

func_name

(same as __name__)

generator

__iter__

defined to support iteration over container

close

raises new GeneratorExit exception inside the generator to terminate the iteration

gi_code

code object

gi_frame

frame object or possibly None once the generator has been exhausted

gi_running

set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise

next

return the next item from the container

send

resumes the generator and “sends” a value that becomes the result of the current yield-expression

throw

used to raise an exception inside the generator

traceback

tb_frame

frame object at this level

tb_lasti

index of last attempted instruction in bytecode

tb_lineno

current line number in Python source code

tb_next

next inner traceback object (called by this level)

frame

f_back

next outer frame object (this frame’s caller)

f_builtins

builtins namespace seen by this frame

f_code

code object being executed in this frame

f_exc_traceback

traceback if raised in this frame, or None

f_exc_type

exception type if raised in this frame, or None

f_exc_value

exception value if raised in this frame, or None

f_globals

global namespace seen by this frame

f_lasti

index of last attempted instruction in bytecode

f_lineno

current line number in Python source code

f_locals

local namespace seen by this frame

f_restricted

0 or 1 if frame is in restricted execution mode

f_trace

tracing function for this frame, or None

code

co_argcount

number of arguments (not including * or ** args)

co_code

string of raw compiled bytecode

co_consts

tuple of constants used in the bytecode

co_filename

name of file in which this code object was created

co_firstlineno

number of first line in Python source code

co_flags

bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg |8=**arg

co_lnotab

encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices

co_name

name with which this code object was defined

co_names

tuple of names of local variables

co_nlocals

number of local variables

co_stacksize

virtual machine stack space required

co_varnames

tuple of names of arguments and local variables

builtin

__doc__

documentation string

__name__

original name of this function or method

__self__

instance to which a method is bound, or None

2. inspect.getmoduleinfo(path)： 返回一个命名元组(name, suffix, mode, module_type)

name：模块名（不包括其所在的package）

suffix：

mode：open()方法的模式，如：'r', 'a'等

module_type: 整数，代表了模块的类型

3. inspect.getmodulename(path)：根据path返回模块名（不包括其所在的package）

二、Retrieving source code

1. inspect.getdoc(object)： 获取object的documentation信息

2. inspect.getcomments(object)

3. inspect.getfile(object): 返回对象的文件名

4. inspect.getmodule(object)：返回object所属的模块名

5. inspect.getsourcefile(object)： 返回object的python源文件名；object不能使built-in的module, class, mothod

6. inspect.getsourcelines(object)：返回object的python源文件代码的内容，行号+代码行

7. inspect.getsource(object)：以string形式返回object的源代码

8. inspect.cleandoc(doc)：

三、class and functions

1. inspect.getclasstree(classes[, unique])

2. inspect.getargspec(func)

3. inspect.getargvalues(frame)

4. inspect.formatargspec(args[, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

5. inspect.formatargvalues(args[, varargs, varkw, locals, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

6. inspect.getmro(cls)： 元组形式返回cls类的基类（包括cls类），以method resolution顺序;通常cls类为元素的第一个元素

7. inspect.getcallargs(func[, *args][, **kwds])：将args和kwds参数到绑定到为func的参数名；对bound方法，也绑定第一个参数（通常为self）到相应的实例；返回字典，对应参数名及其值；

>>> from inspect import getcallargs

>>> def f(a, b=1, *pos, **named):

... pass

>>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)

{'a': 1, 'named': {}, 'b': 2, 'pos': (3,)}

>>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)

{'a': 2, 'named': {'x': 4}, 'b': 1, 'pos': ()}

>>> getcallargs(f)

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

TypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)

四、The interpreter stack

1. inspect.getframeinfo(frame[, context])

2. inspect.getouterframes(frame[, context])

3. inspect.getinnerframes(traceback[, context])

4. inspect.currentframe()

5. inspect.stack([context])

6. inspect.trace([context])