C語言基礎知識--數組（二）字符數組 -定义字符串的几种方式

C語言基礎知識-數組（二）字符數組 -定义字符串的几种方式
一.定义字符串的几种方式

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void test1(void)
{
    //定义字符串的几种方式
    //字符串和字符数组的区别：最后一位是否是空字符
	char buf[12]={"Monday"};
	char buf1[]={'T','u','e','s','d','a','y'};
	char buf2[12]={'W','e','d','n','e','s','d','a','y'};
	char *p="Thursday";
	
	printf("buf=%s %d\n", buf,sizeof(buf));
	printf("buf1=%s %d\n", buf1,sizeof(buf1));
	printf("buf2=%s %d\n", buf2,sizeof(buf2));
	printf("p=%s %d\n", p,sizeof(p));

		
	int len = strlen(buf), i;
	
	 //1每次输出一个字符
	printf("1buf=");
	for(i=0; i<len; i++)
	{
        printf("%c", buf[i]);
    }
	printf("\n");
	
	
	char *pstr = buf; 
	//2使用*(pstr+i)
	printf("2pstr=");
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        printf("%c", *(pstr+i));
    }
    printf("\n");
	
    //3使用pstr[i]
	printf("3pstr=");
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        printf("%c", pstr[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
	
    //4使用*(buf+i)
	printf("4buf=");
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        printf("%c", *(buf+i));
    }
    printf("\n");
	
	//5直接输出字符串p
    printf("5p=%s\n", p);
	
    //6使用*(p+i)
	printf("6p=");
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        printf("%c", *(p+i));
    }
    printf("\n");
	
    //7p[i]
	printf("7p=");
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        printf("%c", p[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

}
int main()
{
  test1();
   return 0;
}
/*
注意：
声明存储字符串的数组时，数组大小至少比所存储的字符串多1，因为编译器会自动在
字符串常量的末尾添加空字符\0
*/

輸出結果

buf=Monday 12
buf1=TuesdayMonday 7
buf2=Wednesday 12
p=Thursday 4
1buf=Monday
2pstr=Monday
3pstr=Monday
4buf=Monday
5p=Thursday
6p=Thursday
7p=Thursday

二。字符串傳參

#include <stdio.h>

void test(char a[5], char *b, char c[], char d[][10], char e[][8], char f[3][8])
{

	printf("a %d \n",sizeof(a));//4
	printf("b %d \n",sizeof(b));//4
	printf("c %d \n",sizeof(c));//4
	printf("d %d \n",sizeof(d));//4
	printf("e %d \n",sizeof(e));//4
	printf("f %d \n",sizeof(f));//4
	printf("d1 %d \n",sizeof(d[1]));//10
	printf("e1 %d \n",sizeof(e[1]));//8
	printf("f1 %d \n",sizeof(f[1]));//8
}

void main(void)
{	
	char g[4][12];
	char h[11];
	test(h, h, h, g, g, g);
	
	return 0;
}
/*
注意：
字符串傳參時不能帶入長度，abcedf的寫法皆為傳址，即指針占字節數4.
*/

輸出結果

a 4
b 4
c 4
d 4
e 4
f 4
d1 10
e1 8
f1 8

三。擴展

#include <stdio.h>

#define max_length 16
void test2(char *p,int length)
{
	char value[129]="";
	if (length > max_length)
	{
		printf("error:too long \n");
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		strncpy(value, p, max_length);
		printf("p=%s \n", p);
		printf("value=%s \n",value);
	}
}

void main(void)
{
	char buf[]={"MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursday"};
	char buf2[12]={'W','e','d','n','e','s','d','a','y'};
	test2(buf,sizeof(buf));
	test2(buf2,sizeof(buf2));
	char * keyWord[6] = {"eagle", "cat", "and", "dog", "ball", NULL};
	
	return 0;
}

輸出結果

error:too long
p=Wednesday
value=Wednesday