【Python】单例模式

单例模式

单例模式是一种创建型设计模式。单例模式的类只能初始化一次，并只提供一个实例对象，多次调用类所得对象id相同
多应用于日志，配置等

python 实现单例模式的方法

• 装饰器

	def single(cls):
	    def singleton(*args, **kwargs):
	        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
	            cls._instance = cls(*args, **kwargs)
	        return cls._instance
	    return singleton
	
	@single
	class Foo(object):
	    def __init__(self, a=0, b=0):
	        print('init=', a + b)
	        pass
	f1 = Foo(1, 2)
	f2 = Foo(3, 4)
	#
	print(f1)
	print(f2)
	print(id(f1))
	print(id(f2))
	
	print(f1 == f2)

	init= 3
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000297AA20>
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000297AA20>
	43493920
	43493920
	True
	False
	True

• 元类

	import threading
	class Singleton(type):
	    lock = threading.Lock()
	    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
	        with Singleton.lock:
	            if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
	                cls._instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
	        return cls._instance
	
	
	class Foo(metaclass=Singleton):
	    def __init__(self, a=0, b=0):
	        print(a + b)
	        pass
	f1 = Foo(1, 2)
	f2 = Foo(3, 4)
	#
	print(f1)
	print(f2)
	print(id(f1))
	print(id(f2))
	
	print(f1 == f2)	        

	3
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000291EFD0>
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000291EFD0>
	43118544
	43118544
	True

• 修改__new__方法

	class Foo(object):
	    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
	        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
	            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
	        return cls._instance
	
	    def __init__(self, a=0, b=0):
	        print('init=', a + b)
	        pass
	
	f1 = Foo(1, 2)
	f2 = Foo(3, 4)
	print(f1)
	print(f2)
	print(id(f1))
	print(id(f2))
	
	print(f1 == f2)

	init= 3
	init= 7
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000292E710>
	<__main__.Foo object at 0x000000000292E710>
	43181840
	43181840
	True
	False
	True