今天,总结一下selenium怎么操作web页面常见的元素。
主要有:
上传
alter dialog
prompt dialog
confirm dialog
select list
radio box
input box
checkBox
测试页面如下:
View Code
selenium 最核心的技巧是WebElement的识别和定位
selenium总共有八种定位方法
By.id() 通过id定位
By.name() 通过name 定位
By.xpath() 通过xpath定位
By.className() 通过className定位
By.cssSelector() 通过CSS 定位
By.linkText() 通过linkText
By.tagName() 通过tagName
By.partialLinkText() 通过匹到的部分linkText
目前,使用比较多的是cssSelector和xpath,因为一个页面中Id name className tagName LinkText等比较容易重复 不容易 确定唯一
接下来会有具体的例子来演示如何定位
上传文件
一般,上传页面如果是input,像这样的,可以使用sendkeys
首先,这里使用xpath定位到该元素,然后使用sendKeys即可,sendKeys send你要上传的文件的绝对路径
1 //td/input[@type='file']
也可以使用cssSelector,关于xpath和cssSelector更多知识,以后会做一些专题
1 td>input[type='file']
如何验证你写的xptah/cssSelector是正确的呢?
有以下几种方法:
F12 ,使用浏览器的console ,xpath使用$x() function,css使用 $() function
使用第三方插件firebug
使用selenium IDE
alert对话框
细分三种,Alert,prompt,confirm
Selenium有以下方法:
Alert alert =driver.switchTo().alert();
1. driver.switchTo().alert(); 获取alert
2. alert.accept(); 点确定
3. alert.dismiss(); 点取消
4. alert.getText();获取alert的内容
select菜单
select也是比较常见的,selenium封装了以下方法
创建select
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);
选择select的option有以下三种方法
selectByIndex(int index) 通过index
selectByVisibleText(String text) 通过匹配到的可见字符
selectByValue(String value) 通过匹配到标签里的value
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);
select.selectByIndex(3);
select.selectByVisibleText("桃子");
select.selectByValue("apple");
输入框
输入框就比较简单了,不再多说
sendKeys()输入内容
clear() 清空
单选框(RadioBox)
单选框可以有获取状态,是否被选中
radioBox.isSelected();
是否enable
radioBox.isEnabled()
使用click方法选中
复选框(checkBox)
复选框和单选框基本差不多,此处略
超链接
超链接比较常见,一般都是标签a
一般使用click方法
这里我们了解一下浏览器打开超链接时,如果是chrome,点超链接的同时按下Ctrl会打开新标签,按下shift会打开新窗口
这里单讲一下不同窗口切换.
selenium有两个关于获取窗口的方法:
1. driver.getWindowHandle(); 返回的是字符串,获取当前窗口的句柄
2. driver.getWindowHandles(); 返回的是 Set ,获取所有窗口
如果你想在窗口之间切换
driver.switchTo().window(window);
小技巧: 如何滚动到你定位的元素
这里使用java script
// scroll to mylink
JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
接下来是所有测试代码:
package com.packt.webdriver.chapter1;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.testng.Assert;
import com.packt.webdriver.chapter3.DriverFactory;
/**
* this method is for deal with base web elements
*
* @author Young
*
*/
public class dealWithElements {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String URL = "file://demo.html";
String chromdriver="E:\\chromedriver.exe";
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromdriver);
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
// options.addExtensions(new File(""));
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches",
Arrays.asList("--start-maximized"));
options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.get(URL);
// max size the browser
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//td/input[@type='file']"));
upload.sendKeys("C:/Users/Young/Desktop/demo.html");
Assert.assertTrue(upload.getAttribute("value").contains("demo"));
// for alert
WebElement clickOnAlert = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//td/input[@name='alterbutton']"));
clickOnAlert.click();
delay(2);
// get alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert"));
// click alert ok
alert.accept();
delay(2);
// for prompt
WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//td/input[@name='promptbutton']"));
clickOnPrompt.click();
delay(2);
Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium");
prompt.accept();
delay(5);
Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert();
Assert.assertTrue(afterAccept.getText().contains("I love Selenium"));
// click alert ok
afterAccept.accept();
delay(2);
// for confirm
WebElement clickOnConfirm = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//td/input[@name='confirmbutton']"));
clickOnConfirm.click();
delay(2);
Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
confirm.dismiss();
delay(2);
Alert afterDismiss = driver.switchTo().alert();
Assert.assertTrue(afterDismiss.getText().contains("You pressed Cancel"));
delay(2);
afterDismiss.accept();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);
select.selectByIndex(3);
select.selectByVisibleText("桃子");
select.selectByValue("apple");
System.out.println(select.getAllSelectedOptions().toString());
delay(2);
WebElement showSelectResult = driver.findElement(By
.name("showSelectResult"));
showSelectResult.click();
delay(2);
Alert yourSelect = driver.switchTo().alert();
Assert.assertTrue(yourSelect.getText().contains("苹果"));
delay(2);
yourSelect.accept();
// input box
WebElement editBox = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//td/input[@id='edit']"));
editBox.sendKeys("Selenium is good");
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By
.xpath("//input[@type='button' and @name='submit']"));
submitButton.click();
delay(2);
Alert submitAlert = driver.switchTo().alert();
Assert.assertEquals(submitAlert.getText(), "Selenium is good");
submitAlert.accept();
delay(2);
// for radio Box
WebElement duRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
.cssSelector("div#radio>input.Baidu"));
WebElement aLiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
.cssSelector("div#radio>input.Alibaba"));
WebElement TXRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
.cssSelector("div#radio>input.Tencent"));
WebElement MiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By
.cssSelector("div#radio>input.Mi"));
delay(2);
Assert.assertTrue(TXRadioBox.isSelected());
Assert.assertTrue(!MiRadioBox.isEnabled());
delay(2);
duRadioBox.click();
Assert.assertTrue(duRadioBox.isSelected());
delay(2);
aLiRadioBox.click();
Assert.assertTrue(aLiRadioBox.isSelected());
delay(2);
// for checkBox
List webCheckBox = driver.findElements(By
.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']"));
for (WebElement e : webCheckBox) {
e.click();
Assert.assertTrue(e.isSelected());
delay(2);
}
// for links
String defaultWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
WebElement myLink = driver.findElement(By
.linkText("Copyright 2015 to be crazy"));
delay(3);
// scroll to mylink
JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
// open link in a new windows press shift when you click
delay(2);
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(myLink).perform();
delay(3);
Set currentWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
System.out.println(currentWindows.size());
for (String window : currentWindows) {
if (!window.endsWith(defaultWindow)) {
driver = driver.switchTo().window(window);
driver.manage().timeouts()
.pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
break;
}
}
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("tobecrazy"));
delay(10);
driver.quit();
}
/**
* @author Young
* @param seconds
*/
public static void delay(int seconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}