python数据管道_Python：检查命名管道是否有数据

I have a Python3 process on my Unix system always running, and I want to be able to randomly send data to it through a named pipe from other processes that only run occasionally. If the named pipe doesn't have data, I want my process to continue doing other things, so I need to check whether it has data without blocking.

I can't figure out how to check without opening it, but opening blocks unless I set the non-blocking flag. And if I set the flag, it crashes if I happen to write to the pipe before or during the read.

This is the best I've managed to do:

import os

fifo = "pipe_test.fifo"

done = False

fd = os.open(fifo, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NONBLOCK)

while not done:

try:

s = os.read(fd, 1024) # buffer size may need tweaking

print(s)

done = True

except BlockingIOError as e:

pass

os.close(fd)

If there's no data in the pipe, I get b"", and it exits. If there's data in the pipe, it gets an exception once, retries, then gets the data. Seems like I'm doing something wrong and might run into weird race conditions. Is there a nicer way to do this?

解决方案

I would not use a named-pipe if you can change the clients' code, but UNIX domain sockets instead, because they support datagrams:

import errno, fcntl, os, socket

Server:

# bind socket

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

sock.bind('pipe_test.fifo')

# set socket non-blocking

fcntl.fcntl(sock.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK)

# get a datagram

try:

datagram = sock.recv(1024)

except (OSError, socket.error) as ex:

if ex.errno not in (errno.EINTR, errno.EAGAIN):

raise

else:

print('Datagram: %r' % datagram)

Client:

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

sock.sendto('Hello!', 'pipe_test.fifo')

But you might want to look into multithreading instead of using non-blocking sockets.