python 做服务程序_Python 写Windows Service服务程序

1.需求

为什么要开发一个windows服务呢？之前做一个程序，必须要读取指定目录文件License， 因为其他程序也在读取这指定目录的License文件，且License不同时会修改License的内容，修改了License后导致我们的程序无法运行，所以想做个windows 的服务时时检测这个License文件是否被修改，如果检测到被修改就覆盖该License。

2.依赖的第三方库

必须要借助第三方模块pywin32下载地址： https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32/214

3.实现过程

实例化win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework的时候，windows系统会自动调用SvcDoRun方法，这个函数的执行不可以结束，因为结束就代表服务停止。所以当我们放自己的代码在SvcDoRun函数中执行的时候，必须确保该函数不退出，类似与这样的效果：

1 defSvcDoRun(self):2 whileTrue:3 self._LicenseExist()4 time.sleep(2)

当停止服务的时候，系统会调用SvcDoStop函数，该函数通过设置标志位等方式让SvcDoRun函数退出，就是正常的停止服务。win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop) 通过事件退出

服务操作命令：

1 #1.安装服务2

3 python PythonService.py install4

5 #2.让服务自动启动6

7 python PythonService.py --startup auto install8

9 #3.启动服务10

11 python PythonService.py start12

13 #4.重启服务14

15 python PythonService.py restart16

17 #5.停止服务18

19 python PythonService.py stop20

21 #6.删除/卸载服务22

23 python PythonService.py remove

4.完整代码：

1 #-*- coding: UTF8 -*-

2 #

3 importwin32serviceutil4 importwin32service5 importwin32event6 importwinerror7 importservicemanager8 importos, sys, time9

10 classPythonService(win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework):11

12 _svc_name_ = "ALicense" #服务名

13 _svc_display_name_ = "ALicense Is Exist" #服务在windows系统中显示的名称

14 _svc_description_ = "ALicense Is Exist License windows" #服务的描述

15

16 def __init__(self, args):17 win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework.__init__(self, args)18 self.hWaitStop =win32event.CreateEvent(None, 0, 0, None)19 self.License =self._LicenseExist()20 self.run =True21

22 def_LicenseExist(self):23 is_exist=os.path.exists('C:\License.dat')24 string_key='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'

25 ifis_exist:26 for line in open("C:\License.dat"):27 if line!=string_key:28 self.writer(string_key)29 else:30 self.writer(string_key)31 #写入License

32 defwriter(self, string_key):33 f=open('C:\License.dat','w')34 f.write(string_key)35 f.close()36

37 defSvcDoRun(self):38 whileself.run:39 #已经运行

40 self._LicenseExist()41 time.sleep(2) #推迟调用线程的运行2秒

42

43 defSvcStop(self):44 #服务已经停止

45 self.ReportServiceStatus(win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)46 win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop)47 self.run =False48

49 if __name__=='__main__':50 if len(sys.argv) == 1:51 try:52 evtsrc_dll = os.path.abspath(servicemanager.__file__)53 servicemanager.PrepareToHostSingle(PythonService)54 servicemanager.Initialize('PythonService', evtsrc_dll)55 servicemanager.StartServiceCtrlDispatcher()56 exceptwin32service.error, details:57 if details[0] ==winerror.ERROR_FAILED_SERVICE_CONTROLLER_CONNECT:58 win32serviceutil.usage()59 else:60 win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(PythonService)

5.效果与问题

当直接运行py文件访问是可以添加服务，且服务也可运行，但是使用pyinstaller打包exe后程序就不能正常执行，提示：错误1053 服务没有及时相应启动或控制请求

google 后找到解决方法，原理我也不是很懂，貌似是要在实例化windows服务类时候，监控服务调度

1 if len(sys.argv) == 1:2 try:3 evtsrc_dll = os.path.abspath(servicemanager.__file__)4 servicemanager.PrepareToHostSingle(PythonService)5 servicemanager.Initialize('PythonService', evtsrc_dll)6 servicemanager.StartServiceCtrlDispatcher()7 exceptwin32service.error, details:8 if details[0] ==winerror.ERROR_FAILED_SERVICE_CONTROLLER_CONNECT:9 win32serviceutil.usage()10 else:11 win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(PythonService)

pyinstaller 打包为控制台文件

1 if __name__ == '__main__':2 from PyInstaller.main importrun3 params=['windows_services_in_python.py', '-F', '-c', '--icon=favicon.ico']4 run(params)

打包后CMD到改目录：

放行杀毒软件拦截

6.管理window服务操作

完整代码：

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding: UTF8 -*-

3 #4 importwin32service5 importwin32con6 importtime, sys7 importdatetime8 reload(sys)9 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf8")10 classServiceManager(object):11 """管理window服务"""

12

13 def __init__(self, name):14 """

15 name: 服务的名称16 """

17 self.name =name18

19 #启动或停止服务时等待操作成功等待时间

20 self.wait_time = 0.5

21 #启动或停止服务时最大等待时间，超过时返回超时提示

22 self.delay_time = 10

23 self.scm =win32service.OpenSCManager(None, None, win32service.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS)24

25

26 ifself.is_exists():27 try:28 self.handle =win32service.OpenService(self.scm, self.name, win32service.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS)29 exceptException, e:30 self.log(e)31 else:32 print '服务 %s 没有安装'.encode('gbk') %self.name33

34

35 defis_stop(self):36 """检查服务是否停止"""

37 flag =False38 try:39 ifself.handle:40 ret =win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)41 flag = ret[1] !=win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING42 exceptException, e:43 self.log(e)44 returnflag45

46 defstart(self):47 """开启服务"""

48 try:49 ifself.handle:50 win32service.StartService(self.handle, None)51 exceptException, e:52 self.log(e)53 status_info =win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)54

55 if status_info[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING:56 return '启动服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') %self.name57 elif status_info[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_START_PENDING:58 #如果服务正在启动中则延迟返回启动信息，直到启动成功,或返回启动时间过长信息

59 start_time =datetime.datetime.now()60 whileTrue:61 if (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds >self.delay_time:62 return '启动服务%s时间太长'.encode('gbk') %self.name63

64 time.sleep(self.wait_time)65 if win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING:66 return '启动服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') %self.name67 else:68 return '启动服务%s失败'.encode('gbk') %self.name69

70 defstop(self):71 """停止服务"""

72 try:73 status_info =win32service.ControlService(self.handle, win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP)74 exceptException, e:75 self.log(e)76 if status_info[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED:77 return '停止服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') %self.name78 elif status_info[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING:79 start_time =datetime.datetime.now()80 whileTrue:81 if (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds >self.delay_time:82 return '停止服务%s时间太长'.encode('gbk') %self.name83

84 time.sleep(self.wait_time)85 if win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)[1] ==win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED:86 return '停止服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') %self.name87 else:88 return '停止服务%s失败'.encode('gbk') %self.name89

90 defrestart(self):91 """重启服务"""

92 if notself.is_stop():93 self.stop()94 self.start()95 returnwin32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)96

97 defstatus(self):98 """获取运行的状态"""

99 try:100 status_info =win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)101 status = status_info[1]102 if status ==win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED:103 return "STOPPED"

104 elif status ==win32service.SERVICE_START_PENDING:105 return "STARTING"

106 elif status ==win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING:107 return "STOPPING"

108 elif status ==win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING:109 return "RUNNING"

110 exceptException, e:111 self.log(e)112

113 defclose(self):114 """释放资源"""

115 try:116 ifself.scm:117 win32service.CloseServiceHandle(self.handle)118 win32service.CloseServiceHandle(self.scm)119 exceptException, e:120 self.log(e)121

122 defis_exists(self):123 """windows服务是否已安装"""

124 statuses =win32service.EnumServicesStatus(self.scm, win32service.SERVICE_WIN32, win32service.SERVICE_STATE_ALL)125 for (short_name, desc, status) instatuses:126 if short_name ==self.name:127 returnTrue128 returnFalse129

130 deflog(self, exception):131

132 print(exception)133

134

135

136 if __name__=='__main__':137

138 app= ServiceManager('AAaservice')139 msg= app.is_exists() #判断是否安装 (以下操作必须先判断服务是否存在)

140 #msg= app.is_stop() # 判断服务是否停止

141 #msg= app.status() # 查看服务的状态

142 #msg= app.start() # 开启服务

143 #msg= app.stop() # 暂停服务 (服务开启才能停止，else error)

144 #msg= app.restart() # 重启服务

145

146 print(msg)

7.参考地址：