mysql router docker_Docker 安装 Mysql 详解

本文将以完整的安装 MySQL 为例将 镜像与 容器 操作完全串联起来

环境说明

系统为 CentOS 7.5 发行版，内核为 3.10 版本，Docker 为 1.13 版本

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a

LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch

Distributor ID: CentOS

Description: CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

Release: 7.5.1804

Codename: Core

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a

Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@localhost ~]# docker version

Client:

Version: 1.13.1

API version: 1.26

Package version: docker-1.13.1-68.gitdded712.el7.centos.x86_64

Go version: go1.9.4

Git commit: dded712/1.13.1

Built: Tue Jul 17 18:34:48 2018

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

Server:

Version: 1.13.1

API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)

Package version: docker-1.13.1-68.gitdded712.el7.centos.x86_64

Go version: go1.9.4

Git commit: dded712/1.13.1

Built: Tue Jul 17 18:34:48 2018

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

Experimental: false

[root@localhost ~]#

此时 docker 中还只要一个 docker.io/tomcat 镜像，需要重新下载 Mysql 镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

docker.io/tomcat 8.5.32 5808f01b11bf 3 days ago 463 MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]#

Mysql 镜像检索

就下载第一个 docker.io/mysql 官方发行版

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql

INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

docker.io docker.io/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 6749 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 2150 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 495 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela... 360 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql Zabbix Server with MySQL database support 114 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysql RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql 93

docker.io docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ... 62 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li... 60 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 43 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 38

docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ... 33

docker.io docker.io/tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database ... 32

docker.io docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back... 20 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 16 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support 15 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux... 14

docker.io docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 9

docker.io docker.io/circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 6

docker.io docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima... 6

docker.io docker.io/dsteinkopf/backup-all-mysql backup all DBs in a mysql server 4 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing ... 2

docker.io docker.io/openzipkin/zipkin-mysql Mirror of https://quay.io/repository/openz... 1

docker.io docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 0 [OK]

docker.io docker.io/cloudfoundry/cf-mysql-ci Image used in CI of cf-mysql-release 0

docker.io docker.io/cloudposse/mysql Improved `mysql` service with support for ... 0 [OK]

[root@localhost ~]#

可以从 Docker Hub 上查看 所有 Mysql 的版本 ，同理也可以查询各个版本使用的详细命令

image

Mysql 镜像下载

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.5

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...

5.5: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql

be8881be8156: Pull complete

c3995dabd1d7: Pull complete

9931fdda3586: Pull complete

bb1b6b6eff6a: Pull complete

a65f125fa718: Pull complete

b5332dacc087: Pull complete

77378af32110: Pull complete

c863c888ab89: Pull complete

970e89bcad84: Pull complete

199374dd7b11: Pull complete

daf925b4c8c8: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:973d09f802e90069f4090578bbfb5f1cc095d5c14bdd0bb2651d5e448751f907

Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:5.5

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

docker.io/tomcat 8.5.32 5808f01b11bf 3 days ago 463 MB

docker.io/mysql 5.5 c43b4117afc4 2 weeks ago 205 MB

[root@localhost ~]#

Mysql 容器运行

错误运行

如下所示演示的是 Mysql 镜像运行时没有指定 密码而导致异常退出启动失败的情况

通过 docker logs container-name/container-id 命令 查看日志已经提醒的很明显了，必须指定 root 密码、或者允许密码为空、或者使用随机密码

最后将此错误的容器删除掉：docker rm container-id

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

docker.io/tomcat 8.5.32 5808f01b11bf 3 days ago 463 MB

docker.io/mysql 5.5 c43b4117afc4 2 weeks ago 205 MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -d mysql:5.5

fb1c96d110c715034c263185e40f066dc688e2284c02c250243e25c017cf872b

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

fb1c96d110c7 mysql:5.5 "docker-entrypoint..." 9 seconds ago Exited (1) 6 seconds ago mysql01

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs fb1c96d110c7

error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified

You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm fb1c96d110c7

fb1c96d110c7

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]#

正确运行

Docker Hub 上 Mysq 官方 提供的启动命令如下所示 ，需要使用 -e 参数指定 roor 账户密码进行启动

Start a mysql server instance

Starting a MySQL instance is simple:

$ docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag

... where some-mysql is the name you want to assign to your container, my-secret-pw is the password to be set for the MySQL root user and tag is the tag specifying the MySQL version you want. See the list above for relevant tags.

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.5

3a896a0867265c59d84d209a93d60f3d837b4667c649981eb3933e997a459c55

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

3a896a086726 mysql:5.5 "docker-entrypoint..." 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 3306/tcp mysql01

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]#

如上所示，此时 mysql 容器运行是成功的，但是《 Docker 容器操作 常用命令》中已经说过，此时启动的 3306 端口是 Mysql 镜像在容器内部的端口，外部访问必须进行端口映射，再次删除此无效的容器。

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 3a896a086726

3a896a086726

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 3a896a086726

3a896a086726

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]#

端口映射

端口映射加上 -p 参数即可，可以参考《 Docker 容器操作 常用命令》，因为 CentOS 服务器本身外部已经安装了 Mysql 已经占用了 3306 端口，所以使用 3307 映射 Docker 容器中的 3306 端口

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3307:3306 -d mysql:5.5

2aad1d2a8e76261715ac0f1d4ef03217ae54866db479d26b81364a39e2ec3801

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntlpu

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1041/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1188/master

tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 1308/mysqld

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1308/mysqld

tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 2892/docker-proxy-c

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1041/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1188/master

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 857/dhclient

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

2aad1d2a8e76 mysql:5.5 "docker-entrypoint..." 14 seconds ago Up 14 seconds 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp mysql01

0f6df57a7fa1 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 44 hours ago myTtomcat2

d67cca0aacf7 tomcat:8.5.32 "catalina.sh run" 44 hours ago Exited (143) 43 hours ago myTtomcat1

[root@localhost ~]#

如上所示做了端口映射后，就可以从外部访问 Docker 容器内部的 Mysql 了，但是如果要从 CentOS 服务器外部访问，则还需要 CentOS 服务器开放 3307 端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-port

9876/tcp 8090/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent

success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-port

9876/tcp 8090/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp 3307/tcp

[root@localhost ~]#

连接测试

如下所示，从 Windows 上使用 Navicat 连接虚拟机 CentOS 中 Docker 中的 Mysql

image

image

高级命令

指定编码运行

例如，如果要更改所有表的默认编码和排序，使用UTF-8(UTF8Mb4)，只需使用如下命令运行

更多命令，请参考官方文档：https://hub.docker.com/r/library/mysql/

docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci