mysql rids读写分离_MySQL索引_组合索引和单列索引

什么时候使用组合索引,什么时候使用单独索引

一.前期数据准备

1.建表

CREATE TABLE `user` (

`uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,

`pwd` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,

`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,

`modify_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

`rids` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,

`nickname` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,

`company` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`uid`),

UNIQUE KEY `name_UNIQUE` (`name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

2.插入数据

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (1, 'rocker', 'rocker', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:05:02', '1', 'rocker', 'rocker');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (2, 'danny', 'danny', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:31:36', '2', 'rocker', 'danny');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (3, 'tom', 'tom', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:31:39', '1', 'tom', 'rocker');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (4, 'messi', 'messi', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:31:21', '2', 'messi', 'messi');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (5, 'wenger', 'wenger', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:29:38', '1', 'wenger', 'rocker');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (6, 'henry', 'henry', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:30:46', '2', 'henry', 'henry');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (7, 'ronaldo', 'ronaldo', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:30:49', '1', 'ronaldo', 'ronaldo');

INSERT INTO `monitor`.`user`(`uid`, `name`, `pwd`, `create_time`, `modify_time`, `rids`, `nickname`, `company`) VALUES (8, 'kaka', 'kaka', NULL, '2019-10-08 11:29:45', '2', 'kaka', 'rocker');

二.分析

1.不加索引

首先在'nickname'和‘company’这俩字段不加索引的情况下执行一个查询语句,并分析

mysql> explain select * from user where nickname = 'rocker' and company = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | 12.50 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

可以看到,没有走索引,总共查询了8条数据,而表中总共也是8条数据,相当于全表扫描了。

mysql> explain select * from user where company = 'rocker' or nickname = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | 23.44 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

可以看到:不加任何索引的情况下,不管是and还是or,都是全表扫描,没有索引。

2.单独索引

给nickname和company分别加上索引,再执行and和or的sql查询

alter table user add index `idx_nickname` (`nickname`);

alter table user add index `idx_company` (`company`);

执行查询语句and

mysql> explain select * from user where nickname = 'rocker' and company = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ref | idx_nickname,idx_company | idx_nickname | 138 | const | 2 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.05 sec)

执行查询语句or

mysql> explain select * from user where company = 'rocker' or nickname = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | idx_nickname,idx_company | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+--------------------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到:加上索引后and查询是可以走索引的,但是只有一个索引起作用,对于另一个索引字段还是要进行遍历,而且and查询会根据关联性高(符合该条件的行数少)选择具体走哪个索引

or查询不走索引

3.组合索引

删除原先的单独索引,新增组合索引

alter table user drop index `idx_nickname`

alter table user drop index `idx_company`

alter table user add index `idx_composition` (`nickname`,`company`);

执行查询语句and

mysql> explain select * from user where nickname = 'rocker' and company = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ref | idx_composition | idx_composition | 186 | const,const | 1 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

执行查询语句or

mysql> explain select * from user where company = 'rocker' or nickname = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | idx_composition | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到:加上组合索引后,组合索引起作用,只需查询一条符合结果的数据,效率要比单独索引高,

但是复合索引对于or查询不起作用

4.组合索引查询单个索引列

对于组合索引为(nickname,company)这个顺序的情况

alter table user drop index `idx_composition`;

alter table user add index `idx_composition` (`nickname`,`company`);

mysql> explain select * from user where nickname = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ref | idx_composition | idx_composition | 138 | const | 2 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from user where company = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到:组合索引中nickname在前时,单独查询nickname会走索引,单独查询compamy不会走索引

对于组合索引为(company,nickname)这个顺序的情况

alter table user drop index `idx_composition`;

alter table user add index `idx_composition` (`company`,`nickname`);

mysql> explain select * from user where nickname = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 8 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from user where company = 'rocker';

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ref | idx_composition | idx_composition | 48 | const | 2 | Using where |

+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到:组合索引中compamy在前时,单独查询compamy会走索引,单独查询nickname不会走索引

如果组合索引是(A,B),则对于条件A=a,是可以用上这个组合索引的,因为组合索引是先按照第一列进行排序的,所以没必要对A单独建立一个索引,但是对于B=b就用不上了,因为只有在第一列相同的情况下,才比较第二列,因而第二列相同的,可以分布在不同的节点上,没办法快速定位

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