python etree创建xml_python-如何使用xml.etree.Element编写XML声明

python-如何使用xml.etree.Element编写XML声明

我正在使用ElementTree在Python中生成XML文档，但是ElementTree函数在转换为纯文本时不包含XML声明。

from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, tostring

document = Element('outer')

node = SubElement(document, 'inner')

node.NewValue = 1

print tostring(document) # Outputs ""

我需要包含以下XML声明的字符串：

但是，似乎没有任何记录的方式来执行此操作。

在ElementTree中是否存在用于呈现XML声明的适当方法？

9个解决方案

85 votes

我很惊讶地发现ElementTree.tostring()似乎没有办法。但是，您可以使用ElementTree.ElementTree.write()将XML文档写入伪文件：

from io import BytesIO

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

document = ET.Element('outer')

node = ET.SubElement(document, 'inner')

et = ET.ElementTree(document)

f = BytesIO()

et.write(f, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

print(f.getvalue()) # your XML file, encoded as UTF-8

看到这个问题。 即使那样，我认为如果不自己编写，就无法获得“独立”属性。

wrgrs answered 2020-01-23T12:28:44Z

22 votes

我将使用lxml(请参阅[http://lxml.de/api.html]。)

那么你就可以：

from lxml import etree

document = etree.Element('outer')

node = etree.SubElement(document, 'inner')

print(etree.tostring(document, xml_declaration=True))

glormph answered 2020-01-23T12:29:08Z

14 votes

如果包含encoding='utf8'，您将获得XML标头：

xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring使用encoding ='utf8'编写XML编码声明

示例Python代码(适用于Python 2和3)：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ElementTree

tree = ElementTree.ElementTree(

ElementTree.fromstring('123')

)

root = tree.getroot()

print('without:')

print(ElementTree.tostring(root, method='xml'))

print('')

print('with:')

print(ElementTree.tostring(root, encoding='utf8', method='xml'))

Python 2输出：

$ python2 example.py

without:

123

with:

123

使用Python 3时，您会注意到b前缀，该前缀指示返回字节文字(就像Python 2一样)：

$ python3 example.py

without:

b'123'

with:

b"<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf8'?>\n123"

Alexander O'Mara answered 2020-01-23T12:29:46Z

3 votes

我最近遇到此问题，在对代码进行了一些挖掘之后，我发现以下代码片段是函数的定义encoding

def write(self, file, encoding="us-ascii"):

assert self._root is not None

if not hasattr(file, "write"):

file = open(file, "wb")

if not encoding:

encoding = "us-ascii"

elif encoding != "utf-8" and encoding != "us-ascii":

file.write("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" %

encoding)

self._write(file, self._root, encoding, {})

因此答案是，如果需要将XML标头写入文件，请设置utf-8或2715306863817655655以外的encoding参数。 UTF-8

alijandro answered 2020-01-23T12:30:10Z

2 votes

包含ElementTree包用法的最小工作示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

document = ET.Element('outer')

node = ET.SubElement(document, 'inner')

node.text = '1'

res = ET.tostring(document, encoding='utf8', method='xml').decode()

print(res)

输出为：

1

Andriy answered 2020-01-23T12:30:34Z

0 votes

我会使用ET：

try:

from lxml import etree

print("running with lxml.etree")

except ImportError:

try:

# Python 2.5

import xml.etree.cElementTree as etree

print("running with cElementTree on Python 2.5+")

except ImportError:

try:

# Python 2.5

import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree

print("running with ElementTree on Python 2.5+")

except ImportError:

try:

# normal cElementTree install

import cElementTree as etree

print("running with cElementTree")

except ImportError:

try:

# normal ElementTree install

import elementtree.ElementTree as etree

print("running with ElementTree")

except ImportError:

print("Failed to import ElementTree from any known place")

document = etree.Element('outer')

node = etree.SubElement(document, 'inner')

print(etree.tostring(document, encoding='UTF-8', xml_declaration=True))

Alessandro answered 2020-01-23T12:30:54Z

0 votes

如果您只想打印，则此方法有效。 尝试将其发送到文件时出现错误...

import xml.dom.minidom as minidom

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement, Comment, tostring

def prettify(elem):

rough_string = ET.tostring(elem, 'utf-8')

reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_string)

return reparsed.toprettyxml(indent=" ")

Rebecca Fallon answered 2020-01-23T12:31:14Z

0 votes

在声明中包括“独立”

我在文档中找不到添加standalone自变量的任何替代方法，因此我改编了ET.tosting函数以将其作为自变量。

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# Sample

document = ET.Element('outer')

node = ET.SubElement(document, 'inner')

et = ET.ElementTree(document)

# Function that you need

def tostring(element, declaration, encoding=None, method=None,):

class dummy:

pass

data = []

data.append(declaration+"\n")

file = dummy()

file.write = data.append

ET.ElementTree(element).write(file, encoding, method=method)

return "".join(data)

# Working example

xdec = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>"""

xml = tostring(document, encoding='utf-8', declaration=xdec)

G M answered 2020-01-23T12:31:39Z

0 votes

另一个非常简单的选项是将所需的标头连接到xml的字符串中，如下所示：

xml = (bytes('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n', encoding='utf-8') + ET.tostring(root))

xml = xml.decode('utf-8')

with open('invoice.xml', 'w+') as f:

f.write(xml)

Novak answered 2020-01-23T12:31:59Z