linux重置网络协议,linux网络配置、管理

通过配置文件配置路由：

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-script/route-eth0

方法一：

10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2

保存，退出。service network restart

[root@unp network-scripts]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface

10.0.0.0        192.168.57.2    255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0

192.168.57.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

0.0.0.0         192.168.57.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

方法二：

ADDRESS0=10.0.0.0

NETMASK0=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY0=192.168.57.2

ADDRESS1=10.1.1.1

NETMASK1=255.255.255.255

GATEWAY1=192.168.57.3

保存，退出。service network restart

[root@unp ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface

10.1.1.1        192.168.57.3    255.255.255.255 UGH   0      0        0 eth0

10.0.0.0        192.168.57.2    255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0

192.168.57.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0

0.0.0.0         192.168.57.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0

配置dns:

vim /etc/resolv.conf

[root@unp ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

nameserver 8.8.8.8

arp:查询arp表：

arp -n

[root@unp ~]# arp -n

Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface

192.168.57.1             ether   00:00:0c:07:ac:00   C                     eth0

192.168.57.230           ether   00:0c:29:4e:00:f7   C                     eth0

192.168.57.63            ether   1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1   C                     eth0

arp –s 192.168.57.5 00:00:22:00:44:55   静态绑定mac地址

[root@unp ~]# arp -s 192.168.57.5 00:00:22:00:44:55

[root@unp ~]# arp -n

Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface

192.168.57.5             ether   00:00:22:00:44:55   CM                    eth0

192.168.57.1             ether   00:00:0c:07:ac:00   C                     eth0

192.168.57.230           ether   00:0c:29:4e:00:f7   C                     eth0

192.168.57.63            ether   1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1   C                     eth0

arp –d 192.168.57.5

[root@unp ~]# arp -d 192.168.57.5

[root@unp ~]# arp -n

Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface

192.168.57.5                     (incomplete)                              eth0

192.168.57.1             ether   00:00:0c:07:ac:00   C                     eth0

192.168.57.230           ether   00:0c:29:4e:00:f7   C                     eth0

192.168.57.63            ether   1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1   C                     eth0

ip neigh: 替代arp的工具

[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show

192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 DELAY

192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALE

ip neigh add 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0 绑定MAC地址

[root@unp ~]# ip neigh add 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0

[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show

192.168.57.6 dev eth0 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 PERMANENT

192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 REACHABLE

192.168.57.39 dev eth0 lladdr 00:50:56:9f:6e:b6 STALE

192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALE

ip neigh del 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0  删除绑定的MAC地址

root@unp ~]# ip neigh del 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0

[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show

192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 REACHABLE

192.168.57.39 dev eth0 lladdr 00:50:56:9f:6e:b6 STALE

192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALE

netstat: 打印网络连接、路由表、接口状态

-t :  tcp连接

-u:  udp连接

-l :  仅显示侦听的sockets(缺省有些选项)

-n:  数字格式显示

-p:  显示每个socket的PID

-a:  显示所有侦听和不侦听的socket

netstat –r == ip route list

netstat –i == ip –s link

[root@unp ~]# netstat -i

Kernel Interface table

Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg

eth0       1400   0   451374      2      0      0   159066      0      0      0 BMRU

lo        16436   0   374392      0      0      0   374392      0      0      0 LRU

[root@unp ~]# ip -s link

1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast

22463520   374392   0       0       0       0

TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns

22463520   374392   0       0       0       0

2: eth0: mtu 1400 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:9f:22:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

alias mynet

RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast

92986751   451401   2       0       0       0

TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns

38805032   159084   0       0       0       0

netstat –tulnap

[root@unp ~]# netstat -tulnap

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:46283               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1464/rpc.statd

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8140                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1766/ruby

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3790                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2189/nginx

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1420/rpcbind

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1711/sshd

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1569/cupsd

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      15781/mysqld

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            192.168.57.63:23845         ESTABLISHED 2058/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60567          ESTABLISHED 23130/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60514          ESTABLISHED 21897/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60568          ESTABLISHED 23151/sshd

tcp        0     52 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60848          ESTABLISHED 25393/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60512          ESTABLISHED 21876/sshd

tcp        0      0 192.168.57.23:22            10.241.19.12:60849          ESTABLISHED 25414/sshd

tcp        0      0 :::111                      :::*                        LISTEN      1420/rpcbind

tcp        0      0 :::38449                    :::*                        LISTEN      1464/rpc.statd

tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      1711/sshd

tcp        0      0 :::23                       :::*                        LISTEN      1719/xinetd

tcp        0      0 ::1:631                     :::*                        LISTEN      1569/cupsd

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:747                 0.0.0.0:*                               1420/rpcbind

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                               1420/rpcbind

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:631                 0.0.0.0:*                               1569/cupsd

udp        0      0 192.168.57.23:123           0.0.0.0:*                               1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:123               0.0.0.0:*                               1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:123                 0.0.0.0:*                               1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:514                 0.0.0.0:*                               1377/rsyslogd

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:792                 0.0.0.0:*                               1464/rpc.statd

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:47770               0.0.0.0:*                               1464/rpc.statd

udp        0      0 :::747                      :::*                                    1420/rpcbind

udp        0      0 :::111                      :::*                                    1420/rpcbind

udp        0      0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236:123 :::*                                    1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 ::1:123                     :::*                                    1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 :::123                      :::*                                    1727/ntpd

udp        0      0 :::514                      :::*                                    1377/rsyslogd

udp        0      0 :::35147                    :::*                                    1464/rpc.statd

Proto: socket使用的协议，可以是tcp,udp,raw

Recv-Q: The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.

Send-Q:

The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

Local Address: 本机地址：端口号

Foreign Address:  远程地址：端口号

State: Socket状态

ESTABLISHED: 连接已建立

SYN_SENT: 尝试建立连接，发送syn

SYN_RECV: 接收到syn请求

FIN_WAIT1: socket关闭，连接被关闭

FIN_WAIT2: 连接关闭，socket等待关闭

TIME_WAIT: 连接关闭之后，socket处于等待状态

CLOSED: socket不被使用

CLOSED_WAIT: 远端已经关闭，等待socket关闭

LAST_ACK: 远端已经关闭，sock也已关闭

LISTEN: 侦听状态

CLOSING: Both sockets都已关闭

UNKNOWN:  未知的socket状态

PID/Program: socket所使用的进程ID和进程名称