java hibernate方言_Hibernate的Trafodion方言

对象-关系映射(ORM)提供了一个框架，应用程序可以使用一个对象范例，查询并操作数据库中的数据。该框架以多种语言实现，封装了数据操作所需的代码。这样，您无需了解SQL，即可使用一个对象访问数据，该对象隐藏了每个数据库查询语言的变化。

假设有以下的Employees表：

ID

Name

Address

Department

Salary

1

John

Milpitas, CA

Engineer

$100,000

2

Tom

Cupertino, CA

Support

$80,000

3

James

Sunnyvale, CA

Pubs

$70,000

4

Mike

San Jose, CA

Marketing

$95,000

5

Maya

Fremont, CA

Sales Rep

$80,000

以下示例在Employees表中检索可获得的ID、Name和Salary列：

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, SALARY FROM Employees where ID = 1;

如果用编程的方式，您必须创建以下代码：

String selectSQL = “SELECT ID, NAME FROM Employees WHERE ID = 1” ;

Statement = dbConnection.createStatement() ;

ResultSet rs = Statement.executeQuery(selectSQL ) ;

while (rs.next())

{

String userid = rs.getString(“ID”) ;

String username = rs.getString(“NAME”) ;

}

但是，ORM的代码为：

Employee_list = EmployeeTable.query(ID=1) ;

如您所见，ORM简化了复杂的代码。除此之外，ORM还具有以下优点：

数据模型在一个地方，节约时间。

便于代码的更新、维护和重新使用。

使用您的首选编程语言，灵活性高。

当然，您必须要花点时间学习ORM。Hibernate (Java)、Propel或Doctrine (PHP)、Django或SQLAlchemy (Python)周围有很多ORM。

本文重点讨论Hibernate。Hibernate ORM (Hibernate)是一个Java的对象-关系映射框架，提供面向对象的域模型-传统关系型数据库的映射。Hibernate用高层级的对象处理函数替代直接的持久化相关数据库访问，解决了对象-关系的抗阻失配问题。Hibernate是自由软件，符合GNU宽通用公共许可协议2.1。功能包括Java类-数据库表的映射(和Java数据类型-SQL数据类型的映射)、数据查询和检索。Hibernate生成SQL调用，减轻开发人员的手动结果集处理和对象转换。使用Hibernate的应用程序是非常轻便的，只需很小的性能开销，即可支持SQL数据库。

Hibernate位于传统的Java对象和数据库服务器之间，根据适当的O/R机制和模式，处理持久化这些对象的所有操作。

Hibernate采用分层架构，分离了底层的API。Hibernate利用数据库和配置数据，向应用程序提供持久化服务(和持久对象)。下图显示了Hibernate的高层架构：

接下来，了解Trafodion如何支持Hibernate框架。若要支持Hibernate，数据库的供应商必须创建一个方言，该方言要能够实现最佳性能、能够利用丰富的功能。有些功能/函数可能只在Trafodion(或其他数据库)中可用，不受Hibernate的支持。在这种情况下，Hibernate SQL方言会将您的Hibernate应用程序翻译成SQL语言，与您的数据库进行通信。我们创建了一个Trafodion方言，如果遇到Hibernate应用程序，Hibernate将解析此类功能。Trafodion方言的JIRA：https://hibernate.atlassian.n...。

使用Trafodion方言的步骤和示例代码

1.创建Trafodion数据库表。

*SET SCHEMA TRAFODION.SEABASE;

DROP TABLE employee;

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (

id INT NOT NULL ,

first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,

last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,

salary INT default NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

);

CREATE SEQUENCE trafodion.seabase.empseq;*

2.创建POJO类。

Employee.java的内容：

package trafodion.hibernate.common;

public class Employee {

private int id;

private String firstName;

private String lastName;

private int salary;

public Employee() {}

public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {

this.firstName = fname;

this.lastName = lname;

this.salary = salary;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId( int id ) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getFirstName() {

return firstName;

}

public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {

this.firstName = first_name;

}

public String getLastName() {

return lastName;

}

public void setLastName( String last_name ) {

this.lastName = last_name;

}

public int getSalary() {

return salary;

}

public void setSalary( int salary ) {

this.salary = salary;

}

}

HibernateUtil.java的内容：

package trafodion.hibernate.persistence;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {

private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();

private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {

try {

// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml

return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

}

catch (Throwable ex) {

// Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed

System.err.println(“Initial SessionFactory creation failed.” + ex);

throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);

}

}

public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {

return sessionFactory;

}

public static void shutdown() {

// Close caches and connection pools

getSessionFactory().close();

}

}

3.创建映射配置文件。

以下文件告诉Hibernate如何映射Java类型-数据库表：

Employee.hbm.xml文件的内容：

“http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd”

该Java类包含员工的详细信息：

trafodion.seabase.empseq

Trafodion数据库的hibernate配置文件内容：

“-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN”

“http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd”>

false

org.trafodion.jdbc.t4.T4Driver

zz

jdbc:t4jdbc://10.12.10.21:12345/:

zz

org.hibernate.dialect.TrafodionDialect

true

4.创建应用程序类文件(ManageEmployee.java)。

package trafodion.hibernate.common;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Iterator;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;

import org.hibernate.Query;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class ManageEmployee {

private static SessionFactory factory;

public static void main(String[] args) {

try{

factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

}catch (Throwable ex) {

System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);

throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);

}

ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();

/* Add few employee records in database */

Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("AAA", "Ali", 1000);

Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("BBB", "Das", 5000);

Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("CCC", "Paul", 10000);

/* List down all the employees */

ME.listEmployees();

/* Update employee's records */

ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);

/* List down all the employees */

ME.listEmployees();

/* Delete an employee from the database */

ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);

/* List down new list of the employees */

ME.listEmployees();

}

/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */

public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){

Session session = factory.openSession();

Transaction tx = null;

Integer employeeID = null;

try{

tx = session.beginTransaction();

Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);

employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);

tx.commit();

}catch (HibernateException e) {

if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

session.close();

}

return employeeID;

}

/* Method to READ all the employees */

public void listEmployees( ){

Session session = factory.openSession();

Transaction tx = null;

try{

tx = session.beginTransaction();

Query qry= session.createQuery("FROM Employee");

List employees= qry.list();

//List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();

for (Iterator iterator =

employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){

Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();

System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());

System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());

System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());

}

tx.commit();

}catch (HibernateException e) {

if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

session.close();

}

}

/* Method to UPDATE salary for an employee */

public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){

Session session = factory.openSession();

Transaction tx = null;

try{

tx = session.beginTransaction();

Employee employee =

(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);

employee.setSalary( salary );

session.update(employee);

tx.commit();

}catch (HibernateException e) {

if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

session.close();

}

}

/* Method to DELETE an employee from the records */

public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){

Session session = factory.openSession();

Transaction tx = null;

try{

tx = session.beginTransaction();

Employee employee =

(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);

session.delete(employee);

tx.commit();

}catch (HibernateException e) {

if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

session.close();

}

}

}

致谢：感谢ADP首席数据科学家，Haifeng Li为Trafodion方言作出的贡献