c调用python环境_C/C++与Python互相调用

一、【C/C++调用Python】

1、例程：

test.c

#include "Python.h"

void HelloWorld(){

Py_Initialize();

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("print 'hi,python!'");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

printf("11111 %x\n",pModule);

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("mypy");

printf("11111 %x\n",pModule);

pFunc= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "HelloWorld");

PyEval_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);

Py_Finalize();

}

void main(){

printf("tttttt\n");

HelloWorld();

}

mypy.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

print '2222'

def HelloWorld():

print 'this is Helloworld'

编译: mips-linux-gnu-gcc -EL test.c -L./lib -lpython2.7 -I./include/python2.7/

2、例程：

test.cpp

#include

#include "Python.h"

using namespace std;

void HelloWorld();

void Add();

void TestTransferDict();

void TestClass();

int main()

{

cout << "Starting Test..." << endl;

cout << "HelloWorld()-------------" << endl;

HelloWorld();

cout << "Add()--------------------" << endl;

Add();

cout << "TestDict-----------------" << endl;

TestTransferDict();

cout << "TestClass----------------" << endl;

TestClass();

// system("pause");

return 0;

}

void HelloWorld()

{

Py_Initialize();

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("print 'hi,python!'");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("Test001");

pFunc= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "HelloWorld");

PyEval_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);

Py_Finalize();

}

void Add()

{

Py_Initialize();

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("Test001");

pFunc= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule,"add");

PyObject *pArgs = PyTuple_New(2);

PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, Py_BuildValue("i", 5));

PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 1, Py_BuildValue("i", 7));

PyObject *pReturn = NULL;

pReturn = PyEval_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);

int result;

PyArg_Parse(pReturn, "i", &result);

cout << "5+7 = " << result << endl;

Py_Finalize();

}

void TestTransferDict()

{

Py_Initialize();

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("Test001");

pFunc= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "TestDict");

PyObject *pArgs = PyTuple_New(1);

PyObject *pDict = PyDict_New();

PyDict_SetItemString(pDict, "Name", Py_BuildValue("s", "WangYao"));

PyDict_SetItemString(pDict, "Age", Py_BuildValue("i", 25));

PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pDict);

PyObject *pReturn = NULL;

pReturn = PyEval_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);

int size = PyDict_Size(pReturn);

cout <<"TTTTTTTT" << size << endl;

PyObject *pNewAge = PyDict_GetItemString(pReturn, "Age");

int newAge;

PyArg_Parse(pNewAge, "i", &newAge);

cout << "True Age: " << newAge << endl;

Py_Finalize();

}

void TestClass()

{

Py_Initialize();

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("Test001");

pFunc= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "TestDict");

PyObject *pClassPerson = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "Person");

PyObject *pInstancePerson = PyInstance_New(pClassPerson, NULL, NULL);

PyObject_CallMethod(pInstancePerson, "greet", "s", "Hello Kitty");

Py_Finalize();

}

Test001.py

def HelloWorld():

print "Hello World"

def add(a, b):

return a+b

def TestDict(dict):

print dict

dict["Age"] = 17

return dict

class Person:

def greet(self, greetStr):

print greetStr

#print add(5,7)

#a = raw_input("Enter To Continue...")

3、

其中

PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

分别导入sys，接着设置py文件的路径

4、PySys_SetArgv、PySys_SetPath和PyRun_AnyFile的用法：

test1.c

#include "Python.h"

void HelloWorld(){

char *argv[2];

unsigned int argc;

argc = 2;

char *tmp="hello";

char *tmp1="world";

argv[0]= tmp;

argv[1]= tmp1;

Py_Initialize();

PySys_SetArgv(argc, argv);

PySys_SetPath("./");

// PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

// PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");

PyRun_SimpleString("print 'hi,python!'");

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

PyObject * pFunc = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("mypy");

Py_Finalize();

}

void main(){

printf("tttttt\n");

HelloWorld();

}

mypy.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

print '----sys.argv[0]: ',sys.argv[0]

print '----sys.argv[1]: ',sys.argv[1]

print '2222'

def HelloWorld():

print 'this is Helloworld'

if __name__ == '__main__':

print 'this is main

PySys_SetArgv，设置参数；

PySys_SetPath，设置py文件路径；如果要设置多个路径，在linux环境下可以用冒号:隔开，如：

PySys_SetPath("./:/usr/lib/python2.7:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload");

如果用下面的代码：

PyObject* file = PyFile_FromString((char *) "mypy.py", (char*)"r");

FILE *fp = PyFile_AsFile(file);

PyRun_AnyFile(fp,"mypy.py");

来代替：

PyObject * pModule = NULL;

pModule =PyImport_ImportModule("mypy");

也可以执行mypy.py，但是PyRun_AnyFile会执行mypy.py中的__main__中的代码；

二、【Python调用C/C++】

Python开发效率高，运行效率低。而c/c++恰恰相反。因此在python脚本中调用c/c++的库，对python进行扩展，是很有必要的。使用python api，http://www.python.org/doc/

1、

test.c

#include

void display() {

printf("This is Display Function\n");

}

gcc -shared -fpic test.c -o libtestso1.so -I./include/python2.7

test.py

import ctypes

so = ctypes.CDLL("./libtestso1.so")

so.display()

2、

testso2.cpp

#include

class TestLib{

public:

void display();

void display(int a);

};

void TestLib::display() {

std::cout<<"First display"<

}

void TestLib::display(int a) {

std::cout<<"Second display"<

}

extern "C" {

TestLib obj;

void display() {

obj.display();

}

void display_int() {

obj.display(2);

}

}

g++ -shared -fpic testso2.cpp -o libtestso2.so -I./include/python2.7/

testso2.py

import ctypes

so = ctypes.CDLL("./libtestso2.so")

so.display()

so.display_int(1)

3、

testso.cpp

#include //包含python的头文件

// 1 c/cpp中的函数

int my_c_function(const char *arg) {

int n = system(arg);

return n;

}

// 2 python 包装

static PyObject * wrap_my_c_fun(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {

const char * command;

int n;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))//这句是把python的变量args转换成c的变量command

return NULL;

n = my_c_function(command);//调用c的函数

return Py_BuildValue("i", n);//把c的返回值n转换成python的对象

}

// 3 方法列表

static PyMethodDef MyCppMethods[] = {

//MyCppFun1是python中注册的函数名，wrap_my_c_fun是函数指针

{ "MyCppFun1", wrap_my_c_fun, METH_VARARGS, "Execute a shell command." },

{ NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }

};

int getTestInt(){

return 10;

}

// 4 模块初始化方法

PyMODINIT_FUNC initMyCppModule(void) {

//初始模块，把MyCppMethods初始到MyCppModule中

PyObject *m = Py_InitModule("MyCppModule", MyCppMethods);

if (m == NULL)

return;

PyModule_AddStringConstant(m, (char*)"testString", (char*)"this is test string");

PyModule_AddIntConstant(m,"testInt",getTestInt());

}

也可以使用PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()来对参数进行解析；

mips-linux-gnu-g++ -EL -shared -fpic testso.cpp -o MyCppModule.so -L./lib -lpython2.7 -I./include/python2.7/

testso.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import MyCppModule

#导入python的模块（也就是c的模块，注意so文件名是MyCppModule

r = MyCppModule.MyCppFun1("ls -l")

print r

print MyCppModule.testString

print MyCppModule.testInt

print "OK" PS：PyModule_Create和Py_InitModule的区别：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10509400/difference-between-pymodinit-func-and-pymodule-create PyModule_AddStringConstant、PyModule_AddIntConstant的用法