在mysql的使用过程中, 可能经常会遇到以下问题:
某个操作语法忘记了, 如何快速查找?
如何快速知道当前版本上某个字段类型的取值范围?
当前版本都支持哪些函数?希望有例子说明..
当前版本是否支持某个功能?
对于上面列出的问题, 我们可能想到的方法是查找MySQL的文档, 这些问题在官方文档都可以很清楚地查到, 但是却要耗费大量的时间和精力.
所以对于以上问题, 最好的解决办法就是使用MySQL安装后自带的帮助文档, 这样在遇到问题时就可以方便快捷地进行查询.
按层次查看帮助
查看目录
如果不知道帮助能够提供些什么, 可以用"? contents"命令来显示所有可供查询的分类, 如下例所示:
mysql>? contents
You askedforhelp about help category: "Contents"For more information, type 'help ', where is one ofthe following
categories:
Account Management
Administration
Compound Statements
Data Definition
Data Manipulation
Data Types
Functions
Functionsand Modifiers for Use with GROUP BYGeographic Features
Help Metadata
Language Structure
Plugins
Procedures
Storage EnginesTableMaintenance
TransactionsUser-Defined Functions
Utility
查看数据类型
对于列出的分类, 可以使用"? 类别名称"的方式针对用户感兴趣的内容做进一步的查看, 例如, 想看看MySQL都支持哪些数据类型, 可以执行"? data tyeps"命令:
mysql>? data types
You askedforhelp about help category: "Data Types"For more information, type 'help ', where is one ofthe following
topics:
AUTO_INCREMENTBIGINT
BINARY
BITBLOB
BLOB DATA TYPE
BOOLEANCHAR
CHARBYTE
DATEDATETIME
DEC
DECIMAL
DOUBLE
DOUBLE PRECISIONENUMFLOAT
INT
INTEGERLONGBLOB
LONGTEXT
MEDIUMBLOB
MEDIUMINT
MEDIUMTEXTSETDATA TYPESMALLINT
TEXTTIMETIMESTAMPTINYBLOBTINYINTTINYTEXTVARBINARY
VARCHAR
YEARDATA TYPE
上面列出了此版本支持的所有数据类型, 如果想知道int类型的具体介绍, 也可以利用上面的方法, 做进一步的查看:
mysql> ? intName:'INT'Description:INT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]A normal-size integer. The signed range is -2147483648 to 2147483647.
The unsigned rangeis 0 to 4294967295.
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/numeric-type-overview.html
查看函数
mysql>? functions
You askedforhelp about help category: "Functions"For more information, type 'help ', where is one ofthe following
categories:BitFunctions
Comparison operators
Control flow functions
DateandTime Functions
Encryption Functions
Information Functions
Logical operators
Miscellaneous Functions
Numeric Functions
String Functions
再根据列出的目录查看相应函数,比如查看都有什么日期函数
mysql> ? Date andTime Functions
You askedfor help about help category: "Date andTime Functions"For more information, type 'help ', where is one ofthe following
topics:
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CONVERT_TZ
CURDATECURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMPCURTIME
DATEFUNCTION
DATEDIFFDATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUBDAYDAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
FROM_UNIXTIME
GET_FORMAT
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
MAKETIME
MICROSECOND
MINUTEMONTHMONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
PERIOD_DIFF
QUARTER
SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
STR_TO_DATE
SUBDATE
SUBTIME
SYSDATE
TIMEFUNCTIONTIMEDIFFTIMESTAMP FUNCTIONTIMESTAMPADD
TIMESTAMPDIFF
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_TO_SEC
TO_DAYS
TO_SECONDS
UNIX_TIMESTAMP
UTC_DATE
UTC_TIME
UTC_TIMESTAMP
WEEK
WEEKDAY
WEEKOFYEARYEARYEARWEEK
快速查阅帮助
在实际应用当中, 如果需要快速查阅某项语法时, 可以使用关键字进行快速查询. 例如, 想知道show命令都能看到什么东西, 可以用如下命令:
mysql>? show
Name:'SHOW'Description:
SHOW has many forms that provide information about databases, tables,
columns,orstatus information about the server. This section describes
those following:
SHOW AUTHORS
SHOW {BINARY |MASTER} LOGS
SHOW BINLOG EVENTS[IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,]row_count]
SHOWCHARACTER SET [like_or_where]SHOW COLLATION[like_or_where]SHOW[FULL] COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]SHOW CONTRIBUTORS
SHOWCREATE DATABASE db_nameSHOWCREATEEVENT event_name
SHOWCREATE FUNCTIONfunc_name
SHOWCREATE PROCEDUREproc_name
SHOWCREATE TABLEtbl_name
SHOWCREATE TRIGGERtrigger_name
SHOWCREATE VIEWview_name
SHOW DATABASES[like_or_where]SHOW ENGINE engine_name {STATUS|MUTEX}
SHOW[STORAGE]ENGINES
SHOW ERRORS[LIMIT [offset,]row_count]
SHOW EVENTS
SHOWFUNCTIONCODE func_name
SHOWFUNCTION STATUS [like_or_where]SHOW GRANTSFOR userSHOWINDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name]SHOW MASTER STATUS
SHOWOPEN TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]SHOW PLUGINS
SHOWPROCEDURECODE proc_name
SHOWPROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]SHOWPRIVILEGESSHOW[FULL]PROCESSLIST
SHOW PROFILE[types] [FOR QUERY n] [OFFSET n] [LIMIT n]SHOW PROFILES
SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
SHOW SLAVE STATUS
SHOW[GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [like_or_where]SHOWTABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]SHOW[FULL] TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]SHOW TRIGGERS[FROM db_name] [like_or_where]SHOW[GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES [like_or_where]SHOW WARNINGS[LIMIT [offset,]row_count]
like_or_where:LIKE 'pattern'
| WHEREexprIf the syntax for a given SHOW statement includes a LIKE 'pattern'part,'pattern' is a string that can contain the SQL "%" and"_"
wildcard characters. The patternis useful forrestricting statement
outputto matching values.
Several SHOW statements also accept aWHEREclause that provides more
flexibilityin specifying which rows todisplay. See
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/extended-show.html.
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/show.html
例如, 想查看某个函数CONCAT的使用
mysql>? concat
Name:'CONCAT'Description:
Syntax:
CONCAT(str1,str2,...)Returns the string that results fromconcatenating the arguments. May
have oneor more arguments. If allarguments are nonbinary strings, the
resultis a nonbinary string. If the arguments include any binarystrings, the resultis a binary string. A numeric argument isconvertedto its equivalent string form. This is a nonbinary string as ofMySQL5.5.3. Before 5.5.3, it is a binary string; to to avoid that andproduce a nonbinary string, you canuse an explicit type cast, as inthis example:SELECT CONCAT(CAST(int_col AS CHAR), char_col);
CONCAT()returns NULL if any argument is NULL.
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/string-functions.html
Examples:
mysql> SELECT CONCAT('My', 'S', 'QL');-> 'MySQL'mysql> SELECT CONCAT('My', NULL, 'QL');-> NULLmysql> SELECT CONCAT(14.3);-> '14.3'又例如, 如果想查看create table的语法, 可以使用以下命令:mysql> ? create tableName:'CREATE TABLE'Description:
Syntax:CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
(create_definition,...)[table_options]
[partition_options]
Or:CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name[(create_definition,...)]
[table_options]
[partition_options]select_statementOr:CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
{LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKEold_tbl_name) }
......
再举一个例子吧, 比如想查看创建用户GRANT语法怎么写mysql> ? grantName:'GRANT'Description:
Syntax:GRANTpriv_type[(column_list)]
[, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...ON [object_type]priv_levelTO user_specification [, user_specification]...[REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND]ssl_option] ...}][WITH with_option ...]
GRANT PROXY ONuser_specificationTO user_specification [, user_specification]...[WITH GRANT OPTION]object_type:TABLE
| FUNCTION
| PROCEDURE......
下面把查看手册和官方资料的地址献上, 就把衣钵都传给你们了, 别忘了给个赞哦~常用的网络资源
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/是MySQL的官方网站, 可以下载到各个版本的MySQL以及相关客户端开发工具等.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/提供了目前最权威的MySQL数据库及工具的在线手册
http://bugs.mysql.com/这里可以查看到MySQL已经发布的bug列表, 或者向MySQL提交bug报告
http://www.mysql.com/news-and-events/newsletter/通常会发布各种关于MySQL的最新消息.
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