fluke ti32英文使用说明_写出母语水平的英文，你我皆能！

何为好的英文？是GRE 阅读考试里那些充满长难句的文章吗？NO！那些真不是什么好的文字。应该说，ETS 的文章，从托福到GRE，都不是好的英文典范。它们虽然充斥着很多高级的词语，但行文是“极差的”，这个极差，不是指思想或逻辑，就是指文字。如若不信，可去读 Scientific American，National Geographic 等杂志，上面发表的文章极少有艰深晦涩的（当然，如果词汇量还只是托福100分左右的水平，看起来当然是觉得艰深的）。

初学英文一两年，我们会写类似这样的句子：

Messi(梅西) is a soccer player. He was born in Argentina. He has been living in Spain for many years. He's not tall and not handsome. He is one of the best players in the world.

再过一两年，我们学会了连接词，从句等，就会把上面句子改进：

Messi is a soccer player who was born in Argentina. But he has been living in Spain for many years. Although not tall nor handsome, Messi is one of the best players in the world.

有些人喜欢风格稍长的句子，也没有问题：

Born in Argentina, Messi, who's been living in Spain for many years, is one of the best soccer players in the world, even though he's not tall nor handsome.

上面这一句，把许多信息合并为一，是英文的一种写法，但如果我们通篇都是这样的长句，文章肯定令人生厌。

我们来“研究”一下“不正常人类研究中心”的语言有何特点。

Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage. - Immanuel Kant

非正常人类的中文：启蒙是人类从他自我招致的不成熟中走出的出路 - 康德
正常人类的中文：从自己的不成熟中走脱出来即是启蒙。这种不成熟是...

非正常人类的英文：A true understanding of the meaning and impact of the discovery of Relativity leads to the one's understanding of the evolution of human civilization hitherto.
正常人类的英文：If we understand that the discovery of Relativity has profound and far-flung impacts on civilization, we can understand how civilization evolves until now.

怎样的英文才是好的英文？我们会想到《老人与海》，《傲慢与偏见》这些名著，但文学的世界不是一般人可以接触的，至少不是我可以教会你的。这个世界上并没有很多林语堂，郁达夫这些中英文都达到极高境界的人。

好英语，利曼造。我摘了《Free to Choose - A Personal Statement》书中三小段来和大家一起鉴赏。*作者是芝加哥经济学派代表人米尔顿·弗利曼和他妻子。

Ever since the first settlement of Europeans in the New World America has been a magnet for people seeking adventure, fleeing from tyranny, or simply trying to make a better life for themselves and their children.
An initial trickle swelled after the American Revolution and the establishment of the United States of America and became a flood in the nineteenth century, when millions of people streamed across the Atlantic, and a smaller number across the Pacific, driven by misery and tyranny, and attracted by the promise of freedom and affluence.

When they arrived, they did not find streets paved with gold; they did not find an easy life. They did find freedom and an op- portunity to make the most of their talents. Through hard work, ingenuity, thrift, and luck, most of them succeeded in realizing enough of their hopes and dreams to encourage friends and relatives to join them.

为了让大家能看得清楚，我把段落“立体”化如下。可见在短短的三段里，作者用了大量的并列，而标蓝色的"people" 一词贯穿上下，既有排比 - they, they, they，又有变化their, millions of, a smaller number 。所以文章读起来琅琅上口，舒畅无比。读者更不会因为主语不断变化而觉得难以捉摸。（有没有细心的读者留意到一个规律: 所有的并列项都是先短后长？）

这几段实在是英文的典范，也是我们要追逐的目标。不说与诺贝尔奖得主并肩，至不济我们读一般老外写的英文可以撇撇嘴对自己说，“写得真烂”，甚至有时还可以得意洋洋地挑一挑英文报纸杂志上的毛病，比如《人民日报》英文版，又比如托福的阅读文字。

整个课程共7课, 标题及框架都参考了芝加哥大学一名教授写的关于 style 的一本书，原书作者名实在是找不到了，只能对老爷子说声抱歉。

引言 写出母语水平的英文，你我皆能！

Lesson 1 Clarity 语言需清晰

Lesson 2 Choice of Subject 如何选择主语

Lesson 3 Cohesion and coherence 句子衔接与段落一致性

Lesson 4 Emphasis 在句子中凸显强调

Lesson 5 Conciseness 简洁与人性化

Lesson 6 Sentence shape 句子的长相

Lesson 7 Elegance 优雅的句子

我读过许多关于提高英文写作的书和文章，往往都是泛泛而谈。我希望能多给一些“干货”-具体的分析，具体的例子，具体的作业。但说明一点，我不针对任何特定的写作需求，如论文，考试作文等，但相信我，任何的作文都离不开三点：思想，逻辑和文字，而本课程针对的是文字。只要行文流畅，一切皆通。

另外，我们不研究“遣词”，只探讨“造句”。措词的能力只能随着阅读量的增加而提升，别无他法。千万不要想着去找一本参考书，能告诉你在不同语境中，你想表达的中文意思应该用哪个英语单词或短语。伊利丹已经说过了，你们这是自寻死路。

所以学习本课程需要有一定的词汇基础，姑且定位大学六级吧。但行文的流畅性和词汇量即使是positively correlative, coefficient 也不会有多大，它们之间更非 causal relationship。