mysql联表查询多记录显示_MySQL(多表的表记录的查询)

一、外键约束

1、创建外键

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--- 每一个班主任会对应多个学生 , 而每个学生只能对应一个班主任

----主表

CREATE TABLE ClassCharger(

id TINYINT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,

name VARCHAR (20),

age INT ,

is_marriged boolean -- show create table ClassCharger: tinyint(1)

);

INSERT INTO ClassCharger (name,age,is_marriged) VALUES ("冰冰",12,0),

("丹丹",14,0),

("歪歪",22,0),

("姗姗",20,0),

("小雨",21,0);

----子表

CREATE TABLE Student(

id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,

name VARCHAR (20),

charger_id TINYINT, --切记:作为外键一定要和关联主键的数据类型保持一致

-- [ADD CONSTRAINT charger_fk_stu]FOREIGN KEY (charger_id) REFERENCES ClassCharger(id)

) ENGINE=INNODB;

INSERT INTO Student(name,charger_id) VALUES ("alvin1",2),

("alvin2",4),

("alvin3",1),

("alvin4",3),

("alvin5",1),

("alvin6",3),

("alvin7",2);

DELETE FROM ClassCharger WHERE name="冰冰";

INSERT student (name,charger_id) VALUES ("yuan",1);

-- 删除居然成功,可是 alvin3显示还是有班主任id=1的冰冰的;

-----------增加外键和删除外键---------

ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT abc

FOREIGN KEY(charger_id)

REFERENCES classcharger(id);

ALTER TABLE student DROP FOREIGN KEY abc;

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2、 INNODB支持的ON语句

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--外键约束对子表的含义: 如果在父表中找不到候选键,则不允许在子表上进行insert/update

--外键约束对父表的含义: 在父表上进行update/delete以更新或删除在子表中有一条或多条对

-- 应匹配行的候选键时,父表的行为取决于:在定义子表的外键时指定的

-- on update/on delete子句

-----------------innodb支持的四种方式---------------------------------------

-----cascade方式 在父表上update/delete记录时,同步update/delete掉子表的匹配记录

-----外键的级联删除:如果父表中的记录被删除,则子表中对应的记录自动被删除--------

FOREIGN KEY (charger_id) REFERENCES ClassCharger(id)

ON DELETE CASCADE

------set null方式 在父表上update/delete记录时,将子表上匹配记录的列设为null

-- 要注意子表的外键列不能为not null

FOREIGN KEY (charger_id) REFERENCES ClassCharger(id)

ON DELETE SET NULL

------Restrict方式 :拒绝对父表进行删除更新操作(了解)

------No action方式 在mysql中同Restrict,如果子表中有匹配的记录,则不允许对父表对应候选键

-- 进行update/delete操作(了解)

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二、多表查询

8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.png 准备表和数据

1、多表查询之连接查询

1.笛卡尔积查询

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mysql> SELECT * FROM employee,department;

-- select employee.emp_id,employee.emp_name,employee.age,

-- department.dept_name from employee,department;

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id | dept_id | dept_name |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 203 | 财政部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 203 | 财政部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 203 | 财政部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 203 | 财政部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 203 | 财政部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | 203 | 财政部 |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

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2.内连接

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-- 查询两张表中都有的关联数据,相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果。

select * from employee,department where employee.dept_id = department.dept_id;

--select * from employee inner join department on employee.dept_id = department.dept_id;

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id | dept_id | dept_name |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

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3.外连接

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--(1)左外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的结果

select * from employee left join department on employee.dept_id = department.dept_id;

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id | dept_id | dept_name |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | NULL | NULL |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

--(2)右外连接:在内连接的基础上增加右边有左边没有的结果

select * from employee RIGHT JOIN department on employee.dept_id = department.dept_id;

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id | dept_id | dept_name |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 财政部 |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

--(3)全外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果

-- mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN

-- mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接

select * from employee RIGHT JOIN department on employee.dept_id = department.dept_id

UNION

select * from employee LEFT JOIN department on employee.dept_id = department.dept_id;

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id | dept_id | dept_name |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 | 201 | 技术部 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 | 202 | 销售部 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 | 200 | 人事部 |

| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 财政部 |

| 6 | F | 38 | 204 | NULL | NULL |

+--------+----------+------+---------+---------+-----------+

-- 注意 union与union all的区别:union会去掉相同的纪录

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2、多表查询之复合条件连接查询

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-- 查询员工年龄大于等于25岁的部门

SELECT DISTINCT department.dept_name

FROM employee,department

WHERE employee.dept_id = department.dept_id

AND age>25;

--以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且以age字段的升序方式显示

select employee.emp_id,employee.emp_name,employee.age,department.dept_name

from employee,department

where employee.dept_id = department.dept_id

order by age asc;

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3、多表查询之子查询

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-- 子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。

-- 内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。

-- 子查询中可以包含:IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字

-- 还可以包含比较运算符:= 、 !=、> 、

-- 1. 带IN关键字的子查询

---查询employee表,但dept_id必须在department表中出现过

select * from employee

where dept_id IN

(select dept_id from department);

+--------+----------+------+---------+

| emp_id | emp_name | age | dept_id |

+--------+----------+------+---------+

| 1 | A | 19 | 200 |

| 2 | B | 26 | 201 |

| 3 | C | 30 | 201 |

| 4 | D | 24 | 202 |

| 5 | E | 20 | 200 |

+--------+----------+------+---------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

-- 2. 带比较运算符的子查询

-- =、!=、>、>=、

-- 查询员工年龄大于等于25岁的部门

select dept_id,dept_name from department

where dept_id IN

(select DISTINCT dept_id from employee where age>=25);

-- 3. 带EXISTS关键字的子查询

-- EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时,内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。

-- 而是返回一个真假值。Ture或False

-- 当返回Ture时,外层查询语句将进行查询;当返回值为False时,外层查询语句不进行查询

select * from employee

WHERE EXISTS

(SELECT dept_name from department where dept_id=203);

--department表中存在dept_id=203,Ture

select * from employee

WHERE EXISTS

(SELECT dept_name from department where dept_id=205);

-- Empty set (0.00 sec)

ps: create table t1(select * from t2);

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三、课后练习

练习一:

1、将所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名打印出来

SELECT cid,cname,tname FROM course LEFT JOIN teacher on course.teacher_id=teacher.tid;

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2、查询学生表中男女生各有多少人

SELECT gender,COUNT(gender) 人数 FROM student GROUP BY gender;

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3、查询物理成绩等于100的学生的姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid in (SELECT student_id FROM score WHERE course_id=(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname='物理') and num=100);

f3a6f5f19dd75a4b3243f1d1ea486abb.png

4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩

SELECT sname,AVG(num) FROM student,score WHERE student.sid=score.student_id GROUP BY student_id HAVING AVG(num)>80;

3bf9ed61fe558d708da88da2f4ad5846.png

5、查询所有学生的学号,姓名,选课数,总成绩

SELECT student_id 学号 ,sname 姓名,COUNT(course_id) 选课数,SUM(num) 总成绩 FROM student,score WHERE student.sid=student_id GROUP BY student_id;

48ba3d49d50151c31cef53c28e6032ce.png

6、查询姓李老师的个数

SELECT COUNT(tname) 姓李老师个数 from teacher WHERE tname like '李%';

1093244d22fc4687f235c70a504d662f.png

7、查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid NOT IN (SELECT distinct student_id from score LEFT JOIN student on student_id=student.sid WHERE course_id in (SELECT cid from course,teacher WHERE teacher_id=tid and tname='李平老师'));

mysql> select sid,sname from student where sid not in (SELECT distinct student_id from score where course_id in (SELECT cid from course,teacher WHERE teacher_id=tid and tname='李平老师'));

b970e2526e958bdb4d1db0828ce31648.png

8、查询物理课程比生物课程高的学生的学号

SELECT A.student_id FROM

(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id=(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname='物理'))A

INNER JOIN

(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id=(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname='生物')) B ON A.student_id = B.student_id WHERE A.num>B.num

59deee96d861a089f3b50421338f7600.png

9、查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名

SELECT sid,sname from student WHERE sid NOT IN (SELECT student_id from score WHERE course_id in (2,3) GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(student_id)=2);

bb39ec86ab6fe420e2e5be224490313b.png

10、查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级

SELECT sname,caption FROM student,class WHERE class_id=cid and sid IN (SELECT student_id FROM score WHERE num<60 GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(student_id)>=2);

830f6efdb6e618edae7a58d402b79758.png

11 、查询选修了所有课程的学生姓名

SELECT sname FROM student WHERE sid in (SELECT student_id FROM score  GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(course_id)=(SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM course));

c13e50c8b85b650c787aaa9e5337640d.png

12、查询李平老师教的课程的所有成绩记录

SELECT sid,sname,cname,num FROM  student RIGHT JOIN (SELECT student_id,cname,num FROM  score,course WHERE course_id=cid AND course_id in (SELECT cid from course,teacher WHERE teacher_id=tid and tname='李平老师')) ls on ls.student_id=student.sid;

06b81dc118a96726e9ec51de37039ffd.png

9db7839bba3ec741b09f8d12b22061f0.png

13、查询选课学生都选修了的课程号和课程名

SELECT cid,cname FROM course WHERE cid =(SELECT course_id from score GROUP BY course_id HAVING COUNT(student_id)=(select count(distinct student_id) from score))

dd5de0bc9fb5f9a71eca8fb7f726e5e4.png

练习二:

14、查询每门课程被选修的次数

SELECT course_id,cname,COUNT(course_id) 被选课次数 FROM score,course WHERE cid=course_id GROUP BY course_id;

a570ba7fc758a1e9fbc70b892f8d6cdd.png

15、查询只选修了一门课程的学生姓名和学号

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid =(SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(course_id)=1);

3b5130cb07c8a6020efcb032a4111535.png

16、查询所有学生考出的成绩并按从高到低排序(成绩去重)

SELECT DISTINCT num FROM score ORDER BY num DESC;

af71a83651e03b847f54fc73ef4aa600.png

17、查询平均成绩大于85的学生姓名和平均成绩

SELECT sname,AVG(num) FROM score,student WHERE student_id =student.sid GROUP BY student_id HAVING AVG(num)>85;

16402539c98fe89c026303002039375a.png

18、查询生物成绩不及格的学生姓名和对应生物分数

SELECT sname,num FROM score,student WHERE student_id=student.sid AND course_id=(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname='生物') and num<60;

8506698af734b64831fa6f727d8fccea.png

19、查询在所有选修了李平老师课程的学生中,这些课程(李平老师的课程,不是所有课程)平均成绩最高的学生姓名

SELECT student_id,sname,AVG(num) FROM score,student WHERE student_id=student.sid AND course_id in (SELECT cid FROM course WHERE teacher_id =( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname like '李平%')) GROUP BY student_id  ORDER BY AVG(num) DESC LIMIT 1;

a25f294f7ad8188acf2953825c2dcc2a.png

20、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名学生姓名

21、查询不同课程但成绩相同的学号,课程号,成绩

SELECT * FROM score WHERE student_id IN (SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY num,student_id HAVING COUNT(student_id)>=2);

bff294e4837ceaf1283e30a07382227b.png

22、查询没学过“李平”老师课程的学生姓名以及选修的课程名称;

SELECT * from score WHERE student_id NOT IN (select distinct student_id from score where course_id in (SELECT cid FROM

course WHERE teacher_id =( SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname like '李平%')));

64428c328664f17828a928901c239466.png

23、查询所有选修了学号为1的同学选修过的一门或者多门课程的同学学号和姓名;

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN (SELECT DISTINCT student_id FROM score WHERE course_id IN (SELECT course_id from score WHERE student_id=1) AND student_id!=1);

2050009a3e5992ae1234b1d2fe4c61c2.png

24、任课最多的老师中学生单科成绩最高的学生姓名

SELECT sname FROM student WHERE sid IN (SELECT student_id FROM score,(SELECT course_id,MAX(num) 最大值 FROM score WHERE course_id in (SELECT cid FROM course WHERE teacher_id=(SELECT teacher_id FROM course GROUP BY teacher_id ORDER BY COUNT(cid) DESC LIMIT 1)) GROUP BY course_id HAVING max(num)) A WHERE A.最大值=score.num AND score.course_id=A.course_id);

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