def find_cat_url(url):
headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}
req=request.Request(url,headers=headers)
html=urlopen(req)
bsObj=BeautifulSoup(html.read(),"html.parser")
bs = bsObj.find('div',attrs={'class':'hot-list clearfix'}).find_all('dt')
cat_url = []
cat_name = []
for i in range(0,len(bs)):
for j in range(0,len(bs[i].find_all('a'))):
cat_url.append(bs[i].find_all('a')[j].attrs['href'])
cat_name.append(bs[i].find_all('a')[j].text)
cat_url = ['http://www.mafengwo.cn'+cat_url[i] for i in range(0,len(cat_url))]
return cat_url
def find_city_url(url_list):
city_name_list = []
city_url_list = []
for i in range(0,len(url_list)):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
url = url_list[i].replace('travel-scenic-spot/mafengwo','mdd/citylist')
driver.get(url)
while True:
try:
time.sleep(2)
bs = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,'html.parser')
url_set = bs.find_all('a',attrs={'data-type':'目的地'})
city_name_list = city_name_list +[url_set[i].text.replace(' ','').split()[0] for i in range(0,len(url_set))]
city_url_list = city_url_list+[url_set[i].attrs['data-id'] for i in range(0,len(url_set))]
js="var q=document.documentElement.scrollTop=800"
driver.execute_(js)
time.sleep(2)
driver.find_element_by_class_name('pg-next').click()
except:
break
driver.close()
return city_name_list,city_url_list
url = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/mdd/'
url_list = find_cat_url(url)
city_name_list,city_url_list=find_city_url(url_list)
city = pd.DataFrame({'city':city_name_list,'id':city_url_list})
二、获得城市信息城市数据分别从以下几个页面获取：
(a)小吃页面
(b)景点页面
(c)标签页面
我们将每个城市获取数据的过程封装成函数，每次传入之前获得的城市编码，部分代码如下：
def get_city_info(city_name,city_code):
this_city_base = get_city_base(city_name,city_code)
this_city_jd = get_city_jd(city_name,city_code)
this_city_jd['city_name'] = city_name
this_city_jd['total_city_yj'] = this_city_base['total_city_yj']
try:
this_city_food = get_city_food(city_name,city_code)
this_city_food['city_name'] = city_name
this_city_food['total_city_yj'] = this_city_base['total_city_yj']
except:
this_city_food=pd.DataFrame()
return this_city_base,this_city_food,this_city_jd
def get_city_base(city_name,city_code):
url = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/xc/'+str(city_code)+'/'
bsObj = get_static_url_content(url)
node = bsObj.find('div',{'class':'m-tags'}).find('div',{'class':'bd'}).find_all('a')
tag = [node[i].text.split()[0] for i in range(0,len(node))]
tag_node = bsObj.find('div',{'class':'m-tags'}).find('div',{'class':'bd'}).find_all('em')
tag_count = [int(k.text) for k in tag_node]
par = [k.attrs['href'][1:3] for k in node]
tag_all_count = sum([int(tag_count[i]) for i in range(0,len(tag_count))])
tag_jd_count = sum([int(tag_count[i]) for i in range(0,len(tag_count)) if par[i]=='jd'])
tag_cy_count = sum([int(tag_count[i]) for i in range(0,len(tag_count)) if par[i]=='cy'])
tag_gw_yl_count = sum([int(tag_count[i]) for i in range(0,len(tag_count)) if par[i] in ['gw','yl']])
url = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/yj/'+str(city_code)+'/2-0-1.html '
bsObj = get_static_url_content(url)
total_city_yj = int(bsObj.find('span',{'class':'count'}).find_all('span')[1].text)
return{'city_name':city_name,'tag_all_count':tag_all_count,'tag_jd_count':tag_jd_count,
'tag_cy_count':tag_cy_count,'tag_gw_yl_count':tag_gw_yl_count,
'total_city_yj':total_city_yj}
def get_city_food(city_name,city_code):
url = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/cy/'+str(city_code)+'/gonglve.html'
bsObj = get_static_url_content(url)
food=[k.text for k in bsObj.find('ol',{'class':'list-rank'}).find_all('h3')]
food_count=[int(k.text) for k in bsObj.find('ol',{'class':'list-rank'}).find_all('span',{'class':'trend'})]
return pd.DataFrame({'food':food[0:len(food_count)],'food_count':food_count})
def get_city_jd(city_name,city_code):
url = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/jd/'+str(city_code)+'/gonglve.html'
bsObj = get_static_url_content(url)
node=bsObj.find('div',{'class':'row-top5'}).find_all('h3')
jd = [k.text.split(' ')[2] for k in node]
node=bsObj.find_all('span',{'class':'rev-total'})
jd_count=[int(k.text.replace(' 条点评','')) for k in node]
return pd.DataFrame({'jd':jd[0:len(jd_count)],'jd_count':jd_count})
三、数据分析PART1：城市数据首先我们看一下游记数量最多的TOP10城市：
游记数量TOP10数量基本上与我们日常所了解的热门城市相符，我们进一步根据各个城市游记数量获得全国旅行目的地热力图：
看到这里，是不是有种似曾相识的感觉，如果你在朋友圈晒的足迹图与这幅图很相符，那么说明蚂蜂窝的数据与你不谋而合。
最后我们看一下大家对于各个城市的印象是如何的，方法就是提取标签中的属性，我们将属性分为了休闲、饮食、景点三组，分别看一下每一组属性下大家印象最深的城市：
看来对于蚂蜂窝的用户来说，厦门给大家留下的印象是非常深的，不仅游记数量充足，并且能从中提取的有效标签也非常多。重庆、西安、成都也无悬念地给吃货们留下了非常深的印象，部分代码如下：
bar1 = Bar("餐饮类标签排名")
bar1.add("餐饮类标签分数", city_aggregate.sort_values('cy_point',0,False)['city_name'][0:15],
city_aggregate.sort_values('cy_point',0,False)['cy_point'][0:15],
is_splitline_show =False,xaxis_rotate=30)
bar2 = Bar("景点类标签排名",title_top="30%")
bar2.add("景点类标签分数", city_aggregate.sort_values('jd_point',0,False)['city_name'][0:15],
city_aggregate.sort_values('jd_point',0,False)['jd_point'][0:15],
legend_top="30%",is_splitline_show =False,xaxis_rotate=30)
bar3 = Bar("休闲类标签排名",title_top="67.5%")
bar3.add("休闲类标签分数", city_aggregate.sort_values('xx_point',0,False)['city_name'][0:15],
city_aggregate.sort_values('xx_point',0,False)['xx_point'][0:15],
legend_top="67.5%",is_splitline_show =False,xaxis_rotate=30)
grid = Grid(height=800)
grid.add(bar1, grid_bottom="75%")
grid.add(bar2, grid_bottom="37.5%",grid_top="37.5%")
grid.add(bar3, grid_top="75%")
grid.render('城市分类标签.html')
PART2：景点数据我们提取了各个景点评论数，并与城市游记数量进行对比，分别得到景点评论的绝对值和相对值，并据此计算景点的人气、代表性两个分数，最终排名TOP15的景点如下：
蚂蜂窝网友对于厦门真的是情有独钟，鼓浪屿也成为了最具人气的景点，在城市代表性方面西塘古镇和羊卓雍措位列前茅。暑假之际，如果担心上排的景点人太多，不妨从下排的景点中挖掘那些人少景美的旅游地。
PART3：小吃数据最后我们看一下大家最关注的的与吃相关的数据，处理方法与PART2景点数据相似，我们分别看一下最具人气和最具城市代表性的小吃。
出乎意料，蚂蜂窝网友对厦门果真爱得深沉，让沙茶面得以超过火锅、烤鸭、肉夹馍跻身最具人气的小吃。
在城市代表性方面，海鲜的出场频率非常高，这点与大(ben)家(ren)的认知也不谋而合，PART2与3的部分代码如下：
bar1 = Bar("景点人气排名")
bar1.add("景点人气分数", city_jd_com.sort_values('rq_point',0,False)['jd'][0:15],
city_jd_com.sort_values('rq_point',0,False)['rq_point'][0:15],
is_splitline_show =False,xaxis_rotate=30)
bar2 = Bar("景点代表性排名",title_top="55%")
bar2.add("景点代表性分数", city_jd_com.sort_values('db_point',0,False)['jd'][0:15],
city_jd_com.sort_values('db_point',0,False)['db_point'][0:15],
is_splitline_show =False,xaxis_rotate=30,legend_top="55%")
grid=Grid(height=800)
grid.add(bar1, grid_bottom="60%")
grid.add(bar2, grid_top="60%",grid_bottom="10%")
grid.render('景点排名.html')
文中所有涉及到的代码已经发到Github上了，欢迎大家自取：
http://github.com/shujusenlin/mafengwo_data。
作者：徐麟，知乎同名专栏作者，目前就职于上海唯品会产品技术中心，哥大统计数据狗，从事数据挖掘&分析工作，喜欢用R&Python玩一些不一样的数据。
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