python那些事儿编程技巧_15个提高效率的Python编程技巧

作者丨George Seif

译者 | 马可薇

策划 | 万佳

每次写 Python 都会忘记该怎么写，最后只能去 Stack Overflow 查？我也一样。时间一长，这让人厌倦。

这 15 个 Python 技巧和窍门，可以帮你提高效率。

1. 交换值

x, y = 1, 2print(x, y)x, y = y, xprint(x, y)

2. 字符串列表合并为一个字符串

sentence_list = ["my", "name", "is", "George"]sentence_string = " ".join(sentence_list)print(sentence_string)

3. 将字符串拆分为子字符串列表

sentence_string = "my name is George"sentence_string.split()print(sentence_string)

4. 通过数字填充初始化列表

[0]*1000 # List of 1000 zeros[8.2]*1000 # List of 1000 8.2's

5. 字典合并

x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}z = {**x, **y}

6.反转字符串

name = "George"name[::-1]

7. 从函数返回多个值

def get_a_string():a = "George"b = "is"c = "cool"return a, b, csentence = get_a_string()(a, b, c) = sentence

8. 列表解析式

a = [1, 2, 3]b = [num*2 for num in a] # Create a new list by multiplying each element in a by 2

9. 遍历字典

m = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}for key, value in m.items():print('{0}: {1}'.format(key, value))

10. 同时遍历列表的索引和值

m = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']for index, value in enumerate(m):print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value))

11. 初始化空容器

a_list = list()a_dict = dict()a_map = map()a_set = set()

12. 删除字符串两端的无用字符

name = " George "name_2 = "George///"name.strip() # prints "George"name_2.strip("/") # prints "George"

13. 列表中出现最多的元素

test = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 4]print(max(set(test), key = test.count))

14. 检查对象的内存使用情况

import sysx = 1print(sys.getsizeof(x))

15. 将 dict 转换为 XML

from xml.etree.ElementTree import Elementdef dict_to_xml(tag, d):'''Turn a simple dict of key/value pairs into XML'''elem = Element(tag)for key, val in d.items():child = Element(key)child.text = str(val)elem.append(child)return elem