python每行输入一个数组_Python和numpy的：减去一行行从1维数组一个2维数组

In python, I wish to subtract line by line a 2-dim array from a 1-dim array.

I know how to do it with a 'for' loop and indexes but I suppose it may be quicker to use numpy functions. However I did not find a way to do it. Here is an example with a 'for' loop :

from numpy import *

x=array([[1,2,3,4,5],[6,7,8,9,10]])

y=array([20,10])

j=array([0, 1])

a=zeros([2,5])

for i in j :

... a[i]=y[i]-x[i]

And here is an example of something that does not work, replacing the 'for' loop by this:

a=y[j]-x[j,i]

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

ValueError: shape mismatch: objects cannot be broadcast to a single shape

Dou you have suggestions ?

解决方案

The problem is that y-x have the respective shapes (2) (2,5). To do proper broadcasting, you'll need shapes (2,1) (2,5). We can do this with .reshape as long as the number of elements are preserved:

y.reshape(2,1) - x

Gives:

array([[19, 18, 17, 16, 15],

[ 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]])