python实现des加密_python如何实现DES加密

加密流程

首先说一下置换的意思，比如说有5678这个字符串，置换表为2143，置换表中的数表示的是位置，所以字符串变成6587。所有的置换表在程序中。(S盒置换不一样，会另外说明)

密钥部分

把8位字符串密钥变成2进制(好像密钥只可以是8位，这一块我也没有搞太清楚)

64位密钥进行PC1置换，变成56位，因为以前DES是用硬件实现的，所以8，16，24，32，40，48，56，64位为校验位，不记入密钥部分。但是我们现在是用软件实现，所以这8位需要去掉，再打乱顺序。

将56位密钥对半分L0和R0、分别对L0和R0进行左循环移位，(当轮数为第1、2、9、16轮时，移动1位，其余时候移动两位)L0,R0移动1位后得到L1，R1。L1和R0继续进行下一轮，进行16轮。

上面移位得到的所以Li+Ri进行PC2置换得到16个子密钥(PC2置换把56位数据变成了48位)。

明文部分

先进行明文填充，采用PKCS #5规则，如果刚好满足每组有8个字节，则再添加一组，每个字节为000010000，如果最后一组没有8个字节，则把这一组填充成8个字节，填充的字节为少掉的字节的数目，比如有7个字节，则填充00000001。

再进行初始置换，把64位明文打乱。

进行16轮feistel函数后在进行逆初始运算

feistel函数

​以一组为例子来说明，一组明文8个字节，64位。有16轮迭代，要运行16次feistel函数。注意在16轮迭代前要把明文进行初始置换，迭代后把左右两边数据合并成64位再进行逆初始运算。

把64位明文左右对半分成两份。

右边的先进行部分进行扩展置换，32位变成48位。

再和对应轮数的子密钥进行异或运算。

再进行S盒运算，48位变成32位。S盒运算具体操作方法是，把48位数据分成8份，每份就有6位数据，比如010110，把头和尾结合位00，变成十进制就是0，中间四位的十进制为11，所以(x,y)为(0,11)

[14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7,

0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8,

4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0,

15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13]

在上面这个表中表示的就是12，在把12变成2进制就是1100，所以6位就变成了4位。总共有8份数据，也有8个表。每份对应的运算的表都不一样。

再进行P盒运算。

最后和左边的32位进行异或运算。

解密

解密部分除了在feistel函数中调用子密钥的顺序相反外，其他都一样。加密调用的顺序是1-16，解密是16-1。

代码

#################################辅助函数######################################

# 十进制转成二进制

def INT_BIN(NUM):

i = bin(NUM)[2:]

if len(i) != 8:

i = ((8 - len(i)) * '0') + i

return i

# 置换函数

def Replace(ARR,change):

ARR1 = []

for i in ARR:

a = ''

for j in change:

a += i[j-1]

ARR1.append(a)

return ARR1

# 异或运算

def XOR(a,b):

c=""

for i,j in zip(a,b):

if i==j:

c+='0'

else:

c+='1'

return [c]

# 二进制转字符

def ASCII(A):

text = ''

for i in A:

for j in range(8):

b = i[j*8:(j+1)*8]

text += chr(int(b,2))

return text

##############################################################################

#################################密钥生成######################################

# 先PC1置换、将56位密钥对半分L0和R0、分别对L0和R0进行左循环移位，

# (当轮数为第1、2、9、16轮时，移动1位，其余时候移动两位)L0,R0移动1位

# 后得到L1，R1，L1+R0进行PC2置换得到密钥K1，L1和R0继续进行下一轮，直到生成16个子密钥

# PC-1置换表

PC1 = [57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9,

1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18,

10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27,

19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36,

63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15,

7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22,

14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29,

21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4]

# PC-2置换表

PC2 = [14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5,

3, 28, 15, 6, 21, 10,

23, 19, 12, 4, 26, 8,

16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2,

41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55,

30, 40, 51, 45, 33, 48,

44, 49, 39, 56, 34, 53,

46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32]

# 生成子密钥函数

def GenerateSubkey(Key):

# 字符串转二进制

K = ""

i_byte = bytes(Key, encoding='utf-8')

for i_bin in i_byte:

K += INT_BIN(i_bin)

# PC1置换

ReplacePc1 = Replace([K],PC1)

# 生成16组子密钥

Lmi = []

Rmi = []

Lmi.append(ReplacePc1[0][:28])

Rmi.append(ReplacePc1[0][28:])

for i in range(1,17):

if i in (1, 2, 9, 16):

Lmi.append(Lmi[i-1][1:]+Lmi[i-1][:1])

Rmi.append(Rmi[i-1][1:]+Rmi[i-1][:1])

else:

Lmi.append(Lmi[i-1][2:]+Lmi[i-1][:2])

Rmi.append(Rmi[i-1][2:]+Rmi[i-1][:2])

del Lmi[0]

del Rmi[0]

del ReplacePc1[0]

for i in range(16):

ReplacePc1.append(Lmi[i]+Rmi[i])

# PC2置换

return Replace(ReplacePc1,PC2)

###########################################################################

#################################明文处理###################################

# 明文填充，采用PKCS #5规则，如果刚好满足每组有8个字节，则再添加一组，每个字节为

# 000010000，如果最后一组没有8个字节，则把这一组填充成8个字节，填充的字节为少掉的

# 字节的数目，比如有7个字节，则填充00000001

# 对明文进行填充，分组

def InitPlaintext(Plaintext):

DecimalList = []

BytesList = []

BinList = []

# 字符串转成10机制

i_byte = bytes(Plaintext, encoding='utf-8')

for i_bin in i_byte:

DecimalList.append(i_bin)

# 刚好满足分组

if len(DecimalList) % 8 == 0:

for i in range(8):

DecimalList.append(8)

for i in range(int(len(DecimalList)/8)):

BytesList.append(DecimalList[i*8:(i+1)*8])

# 不满足分组

else:

INT = 8 - len(DecimalList) % 8

for i in range(INT):

DecimalList.append(INT)

for i in range(int(len(DecimalList)/8)):

BytesList.append(DecimalList[i*8:(i+1)*8])

# 10进制转2进制

for i in BytesList:

TMP = ''

for j in i:

TMP += INT_BIN(j)

BinList.append(TMP)

return BinList

###########################################################################

################################feistel函数################################

#ip初始置换表

IPINIT = [58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,

60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,

62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,

64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,

57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,

59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,

61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,

63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7]

#扩展E置换表

EExten = [32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,

20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,

24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,

28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1]

#P盒置换表

PBOX = [16, 7, 20, 21,

29, 12, 28, 17,

1, 15, 23, 26,

5, 18, 31, 10,

2, 8, 24, 14,

32, 27, 3, 9,

19, 13, 30, 6,

22, 11, 4, 25]

#逆初始置换表

P1 = [40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32,

39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31,

38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30,

37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29,

36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28,

35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27,

34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26,

33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25]

#8个s盒

S_1 = [14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7,

0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8,

4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0,

15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13]

S_2 = [15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10,

3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5,

0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15,

13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9]

S_3 = [10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8,

13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1,

13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7,

1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12]

S_4 = [7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15,

13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9,

10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4,

3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14]

S_5 = [2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9,

14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6,

4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14,

11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3]

S_6 = [12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11,

10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8,

9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6,

4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13]

S_7 = [4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1,

13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6,

1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2,

6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12]

S_8 = [13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7,

1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2,

7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8,

2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11]

S_9 = []

S_9.append(S_1)

S_9.append(S_2)

S_9.append(S_3)

S_9.append(S_4)

S_9.append(S_5)

S_9.append(S_6)

S_9.append(S_7)

S_9.append(S_8)

# S盒置换

def S(R):

s = ''

for i in range(8):

a = R[i*6:(i+1)*6]

x = int(a[0]+a[-1],2)

y = int(a[1:5],2)

s += INT_BIN(S_9[i][x*15+y])[4:]

return[s]

# feistel函数

def feistel(L, R, K):

# 扩展置换

Expand = Replace(R,EExten)

# 异或运算

Expand = XOR(Expand[0],K)

# S盒运算

Expand = S(Expand[0])

# P盒

Expand = Replace(Expand,PBOX)

# 异或运算

Expand = XOR(L[0],Expand[0])

return Expand[0]

###########################################################################

################################加、解密函数################################

# 加密

def Encrypt(PlanText,Key):

# 初始置换

IP1 = Replace(InitPlaintext(PlanText),IPINIT)

# 生成子密钥

SubkeyList = GenerateSubkey(Key)

# 16轮迭代

Ciphertext = []

for i in IP1:

L = i[:32]

R = i[32:]

for k in SubkeyList:

TMP = feistel([L],[R],k)

L = R

R = TMP

# 逆初始置换

Ciphertext.append(Replace([R+L],P1)[0])

return Ciphertext,SubkeyList

# 解密

def Decrypt(Ciphertext,Key):

# 初始置换

IP1 = Replace(Ciphertext,IPINIT)

# 16轮迭代

PlanText = []

for i in IP1:

L = i[:32]

R = i[32:]

for k in Key[::-1]:

TMP = feistel([L],[R],k)

L = R

R = TMP

# 逆初始置换

PlanText.append(Replace([R+L],P1)[0])

return PlanText

###########################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":

miwen,miyao = Encrypt('computer','networks')

print(miwen)

print(ASCII(Decrypt(miwen,miyao)))

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