大数据oracle日志分析,Oracle 用户验证日志

1.sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志

在数据库设置了参数 audit_sys_operations=true 的情况下,系统会根据 audit_trail 参数的设置记录 sysdba/sysoper 权限用户日志到 audit_file_dest

参数设置的目录下,记录日志的内容包括(数据库启动操作、登录验证信息、DML操作),其它非 sysdba/sysoper 权限的用户信息会被记录到AUD$表中;

audit_trail 可以设置为:DB、DB,EXTENDED、OS、XML,当audit_trail=xml 时产生的日志数量多慎用;1 SYS@sydb>show parameter audit2

3 NAME TYPE VALUE4 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

5 audit_file_dest string /u01/app/admin/sydb/adump6 audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE7 audit_syslog_level string8 audit_trail string DB9

10 [sywu@wusuyuan ~]$ cd /u01/app/admin/sydb/adump11 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ rm *

12 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ sqlplus / assysdba13 SYS@sydb>show parameter audit14

15 查看跟踪文件:16 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ ls17 sydb_ora_26587_1.aud18 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ cat sydb_ora_26587_1.aud19 Thu May 29 12:48:05 2014 +08:00

20 LENGTH : '158'

21 ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' --执行操作,相关操作参照 audit_actions 表

22 DATABASE USER:[1] '/'

23 PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA'

24 CLIENT USER:[4] 'sywu'

25 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] 'pts/0'

26 STATUS:[1] '0' --状态,登录成功为:'0',失败为:'1017',值是数据库返回的sqlcode,

27 DBID:[10] '3589320526'

28

29 Thu May 29 12:48:05 2014 +08:00

30 LENGTH : '188'

31 ACTION :[36] 'BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(NULL); END;'

32 DATABASE USER:[1] '/'

33 PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA'

34 CLIENT USER:[4] 'sywu'

35 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] 'pts/0'

36 STATUS:[1] '0'

37 DBID:[10] '3589320526'

38

39 Thu May 29 12:48:23 2014 +08:00

40 LENGTH : '442' --show parameter audit 语句产生的后台查询

41 ACTION :[289] 'SELECT NAME NAME_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM,DECODE(TYPE,1,'boolean',2,'string',3,'integer',4,'file',5,'number', 6,'big integer','unknown') TYPE,DISPLAY_VALUE VALUE_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE UPPER(NAME) LIKE UPPER(:NMBIND_SHOW_OBJ) ORDER BY NAME_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM,ROWNUM'

42 DATABASE USER:[1] '/'

43 PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA'

44 CLIENT USER:[4] 'sywu'

45 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] 'pts/0'

46 STATUS:[1] '0'

47 DBID:[10] '3589320526'

如果数据库启动为只读模式,则audit_trail 值默认为:OS;1 AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter is changed to OS, as DB,EXTENDED is NOT compatible for database opened with read-only access

2.非sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志

非sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志会被记录在AUD$系统表上,aud$记录用户验证userId,userhost,action#,comment$text,process#,dbid..,当用户断开连接时

记录用户断开时间(LOGOFF$TIME);1 SYS@sydb> select sessionid,userhost,userid,to_char(TIMESTAMP#,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:mi:ss')TIMESTAMP,action#,process#,LOGOFF$TIME,RETURNCODE2 2 from aud$ where userid=upper('SYWU');3

4 SESSIONID USERHOST USERID TIMESTAMPACTION# PROCESS# LOGOFF$TIME RETURNCODE5 ---------- --------------- ------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------- ----------

6 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 101 25404 2014-06-04 12:40:24 0

7 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 100 25411 0

8 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 101 25411 2014-06-04 12:41:18 0

9 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 100 25413 0

10 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 101 25413 2014-06-04 12:46:51 0

11 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 100 25444 0

12 ########## wusuyuan SYWU 101 25444 2014-06-04 12:50:36 0

sys.AUD$ 表所有者是SYS用户,占用SYSTEM表空间,长时间使用会存储很多信息,可以在sysdba权限用户下(截取、删除)数据:1 SYS@sydb>truncate table aud$;

也可以将表存储到其它表空间下:1 SYS@sydb>alter table aud$ move tablespace tbs02;

3.关于sqlcode

在执行任何sql 时,后台都会返回sqlcode值,执行正确默认返回'0',如果发生错误或异常是返回错误值,类似我们看到的 ORA-00001 错误;1 OPS$LANSTON@sydb>declare

2 2v_date date;3 3 begin

4 4 select sysdate into v_date fromdual;5 5 dbms_output.put_line('this is v_date value:'||v_date);6 6 dbms_output.put_line('this is database return sqlcode:'||sqlcode);7 7 end;8 8 /

9 this is v_date value:2014-06-04 21:12:51

10 this is database return sqlcode:0

11

12 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

当执行出错时:1 OPS$LANSTON@sydb> declare

2 2v_date date;3 3 begin

4 4 execute immediate 'select tcol from dual' intov_date;5 5

6 6 exception when others then

7 7 dbms_output.put_line('this is database return sqlcode:'||sqlcode);8 8 dbms_output.put_line('this is database return error message:'||sqlerrm);9 9 end;10 10 /

11 this is database return sqlcode:-904

12 this is database return error message:ORA-00904: "TCOL": invalid identifier13

14 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

在PL/SQL体内执行DML操作时,建议使用 execute immediate 执行,这样容易捕获错误,并且可以在异常体对异常处理;如上例子如果不使用execute immediate 执行,数据库

在第一时间就抛出错误并终止程序运行;