db2查询表结构语句_SQL基础知识——SQL语句快速参考

以下是一些可以当工具书使用的参考语句，都是固定写法，需要的时候可以拿出来参考一下，一些不懂的可以暂时先跳过，紫色代码均是SQL语句的关键字~

AND / OR 并且/或

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE conditionAND|OR condition

ALTER TABLE 修改表

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype--或ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name

AS (alias) 重命名

--对列名进行重命名SELECT column_name AS column_aliasFROM table_name--对表名进行重命名SELECT column_nameFROM table_name AS table_alias

BETWEEN...AND... 在某个区间

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameBETWEEN value1 AND value2

CREATE DATABASE 创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE database_name

CREATE TABLE 创建表

CREATE TABLE table_name(column_name1 data_type,column_name2 data_type,column_name2 data_type,...)

CREATE INDEX 创建索引

--创建普通索引CREATE INDEX index_nameON table_name (column_name)--创建唯一索引CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_nameON table_name (column_name)

CREATE VIEW 创建视图

CREATE VIEW view_name ASSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE condition

DELETE 删除

--带条件的删除DELETE FROM table_nameWHERE some_column=some_value--不带条件的删除DELETE FROM table_name

DROP DATABASE 删除数据库

DROP DATABASE database_name

DROP INDEX 删除索引

--SQL Server的写法DROP INDEX table_name.index_name--DB2/Oracle的写法DROP INDEX index_name--Mysql的写法ALTER TABLE table_nameDROP INDEX index_name

DROP TABLE 删除表

DROP TABLE table_name

GROUP BY 分组

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator valueGROUP BY column_name

HAVING 分组过滤条件

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator valueGROUP BY column_nameHAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value

IN 在某些固定值中查找

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameIN (value1,value2,..)

INSERT INTO 插入表

INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)--或INSERT INTO table_name(column1, column2, column3,...)VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)

INNER JOIN 内连接

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name1INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

LEFT JOIN 左连接

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name1LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

RIGHT JOIN 右连接

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name1RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

FULL JOIN 全连接

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name1FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

LIKE 模糊匹配

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_nameLIKE pattern

ORDER BY 排序

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]

SELECT 查找

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name

SELECT * 查找表的所有字段

SELECT *FROM table_name

SELECT DISTINCT 查找去除重复的列

SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)FROM table_name

SELECT INTO 查询结果插入表

SELECT *INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]FROM old_table_name--或SELECT column_name(s)INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]FROM old_table_name

SELECT TOP 查询前N条记录

SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)FROM table_name

TRUNCATE TABLE 清空表

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name

UNION 去重并集

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1UNIONSELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

UNION ALL 不去重并集

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1UNION ALLSELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

UPDATE 更新

UPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value,...WHERE some_column=some_value

WHERE 条件过滤

SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator value