Java socket编程

Java 网络编程

网络编程概述

通过 Ip 和 Port 来通信。

TCP/IP参考模型

• 应用层
• 传输层
• 网络层
• 物理 + 数据链路层

IP地址对应的类：InetAddress

端口号 + ip地址 = 网络套接字：socket

TCP 编程

服务端和客户端通信Demo。

    @Test
    public void client() throws Exception {
        InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        Socket socket = new Socket(ip, 9999);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("hello, it is from client, 这是中文测试".getBytes());
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void server() throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        int len; byte[] buf = new byte[5];
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) 
            baos.write(buf, 0, len);
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        new CountDownLatch(4).await();
        baos.close();
        socket.close();
        inputStream.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }

read方法是阻塞的，需要手动关闭，shutdownInputStream

UDP 编程

    @Test
    public void client() throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        String str = "hello";
        byte[] data = str.getBytes();
        InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, inet, 9999);
        socket.send(packet);
        socket.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void server() throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
        byte[] buf = new byte[100];
        DatagramPacket pa = new DatagramPacket(buf, 0, buf.length);
        socket.receive(pa);
        System.out.println(new String(pa.getData(), 0, pa.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }

URL 编程

URL ： Uniform Resource Locator

<传输协议>://<主机名>:<端口>/<文件名>