基于ryu实现集线器的功能---Hub实现

Hub实现环境：两台Ubuntu虚拟机、mininet、ryu控制器、pycharm

环境搭建见前几篇文章，有具体的搭建步骤。

对于ryu的开发，推荐ryubook这本工具书。

首先，在Ubuntu上安装pycharm，安装完成后，导入ryu项目，若出现无法修改或者权限问题，则需要通过命令chmod [ u / g / o / a ] [ + / - / = ] [ r / w / x ] file修改文件的权限。

接下来，就解释一下代码的编写：

导入包，将导包放在最前面，主要是刚开始学实在不知道导入哪几个包，未来避免出错，可以将所有的包都导入，可以参考ryubook的交换机的程序。

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls

接下来，定义一个类hub，继承app_manager，位于ryu下的base内，版本选择openflow1.3，然后初始化操作。

lass hub(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(hub, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

接下来，需要定义packet in函数，用来处理交换机和控制器的流表交互，在执行之前需要先对packetin事件进行监听。

@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        # 这几句是对数据结构进行解析，是一种固定的形式，可以记住就行
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']  # get in port of the packet

        # add a flow entry for the packet
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)

        # to output the current packet. for install rules only output later packets
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=in_port, actions=actions)
        # buffer id: locate the buffered packet
        datapath.send_msg(out)

在Ryu控制器上，我们需要写一个函数去处理openvswitch的连接，同时需要开启一个监听，监听交换机事件。

@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_feathers_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install flow table-miss flow entry
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        #OFPActionOutput将数据包发送出去,
        #第一个参数OFPP_CONTROLLER是接收端口，
        #第二个是数据包在交换机上缓存buffer_id,由于我们将数据包全部传送到控制器，所以不在交换            
        #机上缓存
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER, ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        # 1\OUTPUT PORT, 2\BUFF IN SWITCH?
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)

 ryu的数据平面是由若干网元（Network Element）组成，每个网元包含一个或多个SDN数据路径（SDN Datapath）。SDN Datapath是逻辑上的网络设备，负责转发和处理数据无控制能力，一个SDN DataPath包含控制数据平面接口（Control Data Plane Interface,CDPI）、代理、转发引擎（Forwarding Engine）表和处理功能（Processing Function）SDN数据面（转发面）的关键技术:对数据面进行抽象建模。对于添加流表，可以将其单独拿出了写一个函数。

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        # 1\ datapath for the switch, 2\priority for flow entry, 3\match field, 4\action for packet
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        # install flow
        inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS, actions)]
        mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority, match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

代码完成之后，就是实验的验证。

首先，在装有ryu控制器的虚拟机中，运行Hub，具体的运行步骤如下：即先进入ryu目录下，使用ryu-manager Hub.py运行Hub。

然后，实验验证需要使用mininet进行模拟网络架构，具体的模拟方式见之前的博客，此次实验的拓扑如下。交换机选择ovs，控制器远程连接ryu控制器。

然后，运行拓扑，进行pingall测试，如图显示，Hub可以成功转发数据流。

 

Hub的完整代码如下：

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER, CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls


class hub(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(hub, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_feathers_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install flow table-miss flow entry
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER, ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        # 1\OUTPUT PORT, 2\BUFF IN SWITCH?
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        # 1\ datapath for the switch, 2\priority for flow entry, 3\match field, 4\action for packet
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        # install flow
        inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS, actions)]
        mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority, match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']  # get in port of the packet

        # add a flow entry for the packet
        match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)

        # to output the current packet. for install rules only output later packets
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=in_port, actions=actions)
        # buffer id: locate the buffered packet
        datapath.send_msg(out)