springMVC中的异常处理

springMVC中的异常处理

1) java异常结构

|-----Throwable

​       |-----Error

​       |-----Exception

​            |-----RuntimeException

2) java异常分类

• 编译异常
• 运行时期异常

3)如何处理异常?

dao	不能处理,抛异常
service	不能处理,抛异常
controller/servlet	必须处理,否则错误信息直接打印到浏览器

4)异常处理实现方式

• **方案1:**不可行

  ​ 控制层的方法写 try…catch

• **方案2:**异常过滤器(servelt技术实现控制层)

  ​ 拦截所有请求:/*

  ​ 过滤器拦截所有请求:controller,servlet,jsp,html/cscs/js

 

• **方案3:**使用框架自带的异常处理机制

  ​ 列如:springMVC中HandlerExceptionResolver异常处理接口

1.0.0 springMVC异常处理(一) 异常实现

环境搭建:

1)导入依赖 (web.xml,springMVC.xml,)

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
  <groupId>cn.zonhar</groupId>  
  <artifactId>springmvc03_01_exception_interceptor</artifactId>  
  <version>1.0.0</version>  
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <dependencies> 
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
      <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version> 
    </dependency>  
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
      <scope>provided</scope>  
      <version>2.5</version> 
    </dependency> 
  </dependencies>  
  <build> 
    <plugins> 
      <!-- jdk版本插件，因为一般都采用全局配置,如果当前项目不使用全局就可以使用这个插件 -->
      <plugin> 
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
        <version>3.2</version>  
        <configuration> 
          <source>1.8</source>  
          <target>1.8</target>  
          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>  
          <showWarnings>true</showWarnings> 
        </configuration> 
      </plugin>  
      <!--tomcat7的插件-->  
      <plugin> 
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>  
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
        <version>2.2</version>  
        <configuration> 
          <port>8081</port>  
          <path>/</path>  
          <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>  
          <server>tomcat7</server> 
        </configuration> 
      </plugin> 
    </plugins> 
  </build> 
</project>

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--ioc注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zonhar"/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--springMVC注解支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

2)编写控制器(Controller)

package cn.zonhar.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * 模拟异常处理
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public String save(){
        //模拟异常
        int i =10/0;
        System.out.println("用户已保存!");
        return "success";
    }
}

3.测试

4.如果没有用springMVC的异常处理，传统的异常处理如何实现？

package cn.zonhar.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * 模拟异常处理
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public String save(){
        //模拟异常
        try {
            int i =10/0;
            System.out.println("用户已保存!");
            return "success";
        }catch (Exception e){
            return "error";
        }

    }
}

 

以上的传统方式处理异常，比较麻烦，每个方法都需要自行处理！！！

4.改为springMVC提供的异常处理机制实现异常处理（集中处理异常）

方式一：

1） 实现HandlerExceptionResolver接口

package cn.zonhar.exception;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Component
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver1 implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    /**
     *resolveException: 代表所有Controller的所有方法出现异常都会执行此方法
     */
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView();

        //存放异常信息
        mv.addObject("error",e.getMessage());

        //判断不同异常处理方式
        if(e instanceof ArithmeticException){
            mv.setViewName("error");
        }else if(e instanceof  NullPointerException){
            mv.setViewName("error2");
        }else{
            mv.setViewName("error");
        }
        return mv;
    }
}

方式二：

不实现任何接口或类，在类上加@ControllerAdvice，方法上加@ExceptionHandler

package cn.zonhar.exception;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver2 {
    private  ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView();
    /**
     * 编写处理空指针异常的方法
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ModelAndView handlerError1(Exception e) {
       mv.addObject("error",e.getMessage());
        mv.setViewName("error");
        return mv;
    }

    /**
     * 处理数学运算异常
     *
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
    public ModelAndView HandlerError2(Exception e) {
        mv.addObject("error",e.getMessage());
        mv.setViewName("error");

        return mv;
    }


    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ModelAndView handlerError3(Exception e) {
        mv.addObject("error",e.getMessage());
        mv.setViewName("error");
        return mv;
    }
}