JAVA--IO流

打印流

• 自动换行: 调用println();
• 自动刷新: 特定的构造方法和调用println()等方法;

1.字符打印流

• 构建方法

1. PrintWriter(String fileName)

(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName))

2. PrintWriter(File file)

new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file))public 

3. PrintWriter(OutputStream out)

(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out))

4. PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush --> 打开自动刷新

复制文本

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file_1.txt"));
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("file_2.txt",true),true);
//第一个true:确定文件可以追加信息;
//第二个true:确定文件可以自动刷新;

String str;
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
    pw.println(str);
    //plush() --> 整合到自动刷新中;
}

br.close();
pw.close();

2.字节打印流

• printStream为OutputStream的子类,用于输出信息到命令行;
• public static PrintStream out
  • PrintStream --> OutputStream(子类) 引用类型;
  • out --> 参数;
• OutputStream os = System.out;
• System.out.print (“字节输出流”);

---

对象操作流

• 对象输出输入流是并套使用,用对象输入读取对象,用对象输出流输出对象;

对象输出流

1. 构造函数: new ObjectOutputStream (new FileOutputsream(“a.txt”));
2. writeObject(Object o);

main()
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("file.txt");
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
//创建对象输出流对象

Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan",17);
Student s2 = new Student("zhangsi",18);
//创建学生

oos.writeObject(s1);
oos.writeObject(s2);
//输出学生对象

oos.close();

• 优化

1. 将对象封装到ArrayList进行输出,方便输出时的调用;

ArrayList<Student> als = new ArrayList<Student>();

als.add(new Student("A",12));
als.add(new Student("B",31));

3. 实现对象操作流的学生类必须实现Serializable,Serializable接口没有方法,起到标识作用,说明该对象实现对象操作流;

---

• 关于Serializable

1. 使用不当会抛出InvalidClassException
2. 原因:
   1. 该类的序列版本号与从流中读取的类描述符的版本号不匹配: 对象类成员发生改变,输出输入文件未改变,此时序列号版本便不匹配;
   2. 该类包含未知数据类型
   3. 该类没有可访问的无参数构造方法
3. 对象类要自定义序列号

public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1390205995143526463L;
}

---

public class Student implements Serializable {
  private String name;
  private int age;
}

对象输入流

1. 构造方法 :ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(“file.txt”));
2. readObject(Object o),调用时会抛出ClassNotFoundException;
3. 当文本对象全部读取时,jvm便会抛出EOFException,同try…catch()处理异常;

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("file.txt"));

try {
   while(true) {
       Object o = ois.readObject();
       System.out.println(o);
   }
   //无限循环,直接抛出异常,停止循环;
} catch (EOFException e) {
   System.out.println("读取完毕!!");
}

ois.close();
}

• 优化

1. 将对象用ArrayList封装成对象数组,便于输入时遍历;
2. ArrayList alss = ( ArrayList)o;//向下转型;

Object o = ois.readObject();
System.out.println(o);
//直接输出

ArrayList<Student> alss = ( ArrayList<Student>)o;
//向下转型;
for (Student s : alss) {
    System.out.println(s);
}
//遍历输出;

---