python 列表及其函数详解plus 差集并集交集

• 特点

python列表 [ ]表示，元素之间用“,”元素可以使任何东西，隔开 （注意字典用户{}表示，‘，’隔开不同元素）

字典元素顺序无关，跟键值对有关，但是列表与顺序有关

 

"""

python 列表
"""


l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
l2 = [1, 2, 3]

# 访问列表
a = l1[1]
print(a)  # two

# 更新列表
l1[0] = 'hundred'
print(l1)  # ['hundred', 'two', 'three']

# 删除列表元素
del l1[0]
print(l1)  # ['two', 'three']
l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
re = l1.pop(-1)
print(re)  # three
print(l1)  # ['one', 'two']
l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
re = l1.pop(0)
print(re)  # one
print(l1)  # ['two', 'three']


# 更新列表
l1.append("four")
print(l1)  # ['two', 'three', 'four']


# 获取列表长度
len(l1)

# 重复列表
re = l1 * 3
# ['two', 'three', 'four', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'two', 'three', 'four']
print(re)

# 某个元素是否在列表中
'one' in l1  # False

# 列表截取
print(l1[1:3])  # ['three', 'four']
# print(l1[:-1])

# 列表操作
max(l1)
min(l1)
t = (1, 2, 3)
list(t)


# append 和extend扩展列表
l1.append(l2)
print(l1)  # ['two', 'three', 'four', [1, 2, 3]]

l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
l1.extend(l2)
print(l1)  # ['one', 'two', 'three', 1, 2, 3]


# 统计某个元素出现的次数
ll = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 67, 8, 90, 2]
re = ll.count(2)
print(re)  # 3

print(sum(ll))  # 183


# 移除匹配的第一项

l1 = ["one", "two", "three", "one"]

l1.remove("one")
print(l1)  # ['two', 'three', 'one']

# 反转列表
l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
l1.reverse()
print(l1)  # ['three', 'two', 'one']

print("*" * 22)
# 对原列表排序
l2 = [1, 200, 3, 500, 4]
l2.sort(reverse=False)  # 永久性排序
print(l2)  # [1, 3, 4, 200, 500]

l2.sort(reverse=True)  # 永久性排序
print(l2)  # [500, 200, 4, 3, 1]

l2 = [1, 200, 3, 500, 4]
l3 = sorted(l2)  # 临时排序
print(l3)  # [1, 3, 4, 200, 500]
print(l2)  # [1, 200, 3, 500, 4]


#列表插入元素    insert(index,obj)
l1 = ["one", "two", "three"]
l1.insert(2,"insert")
print(l1)      #['one', 'two', 'insert', 'three']

import random

a_list=[random.randint(1,10) for _ in range(10)]
b_list=[random.randint(1,10) for _ in range(10)]

print(a_list,b_list)

#并集

a=set(a_list).union(set(b_list))
print(a)
print(dir(a))
print(a.pop())
print(a)

print("*"*11)
#差集
a=set(a_list)-set(b_list)
print(a)

print("*"*11)
#交集
a=set(a_list).intersection(set(b_list))
print(a)
a.add(100)
print(a)