UDP协议
java中的UDP实现分为两个类:DatagramPacket和 DatagramSocket。DatagramPacket类将数据字节填充到UDP包中,这称为数据报。 DatagramSocket来发送这个包。要接受数据,可以从DatagramSocket中接受一个 DatagramPack对象,然后从该包中读取数据的内容。
这种职责的划分与TCP使用的Socket和ServerSocket有所不同。首先,UDP没有两台主机间唯一连接的概念,它不需要知道对方是哪个远程主机。它可以从一个端口往多个主机发送信息,但是TCP是无法做到的。其次,TCP socket把网络链接看作是流:通过从Socket得到的输入和输出流来收发数据。UDP不支持这一点,你处理总是单个数据包。填充在一个数据报中的所有数据会以包的形式进行发送,这些数据要么作为一个组要么全部接收,要么全部丢弃。一个包不一定与下一个包相关。给定两个包,没有办法知道哪个先发哪个后发。对于流来说,必须提供数据的有序队列,与之不同,数据报会尽可能快的蜂拥到接收方。
UDP客户端
package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class DaytimeUDPClient {
private final static int PORT = 13;
private static final String HOSTNAME = "www.xdysite.cn";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//传入0表示让操作系统分配一个端口号
try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(0)) {
socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
InetAddress host = InetAddress.getByName(HOSTNAME);
//指定包要发送的目的地
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1], 1, host, PORT);
//为接受的数据包创建空间
DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);
socket.send(request);
socket.receive(response);
String result = new String(response.getData(), 0, response.getLength(), "ASCII");
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP服务器
package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.util.Date;
public class DaytimeUDPServer {
private final static int PORT = 13;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(PORT)) {
while (true) {
try {
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);
socket.receive(request);
String daytime = new Date().toString();
byte[] data = daytime.getBytes("ASCII");
DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, request.getAddress(), request.getPort());
socket.send(response);
System.out.println(daytime + " " + request.getAddress());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP发送端
package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class UDPSendDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.out.println("------------start send---------------");
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String lineString = null;
while ((lineString = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {
if ("over".equals(lineString)) {
break;
}
byte[] buf = lineString.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.155"), 10000);
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
}
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
UDP接收端
package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UDPReceiveDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.out.println("------------start receive---------------");
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(10000);
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
String ipString = datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress();
int port = datagramPacket.getPort();
String textString = new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
System.out.println(ipString + ":" + port + ":" + textString);
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
练习实例,仅供参考