JAVA中UDP使用

UDP协议

java中的UDP实现分为两个类：DatagramPacket和 DatagramSocket。DatagramPacket类将数据字节填充到UDP包中，这称为数据报。 DatagramSocket来发送这个包。要接受数据，可以从DatagramSocket中接受一个 DatagramPack对象，然后从该包中读取数据的内容。

这种职责的划分与TCP使用的Socket和ServerSocket有所不同。首先，UDP没有两台主机间唯一连接的概念，它不需要知道对方是哪个远程主机。它可以从一个端口往多个主机发送信息，但是TCP是无法做到的。其次，TCP socket把网络链接看作是流：通过从Socket得到的输入和输出流来收发数据。UDP不支持这一点，你处理总是单个数据包。填充在一个数据报中的所有数据会以包的形式进行发送，这些数据要么作为一个组要么全部接收，要么全部丢弃。一个包不一定与下一个包相关。给定两个包，没有办法知道哪个先发哪个后发。对于流来说，必须提供数据的有序队列，与之不同，数据报会尽可能快的蜂拥到接收方。

UDP客户端

package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class DaytimeUDPClient {
    
    private final static int PORT = 13;
    private static final String HOSTNAME = "www.xdysite.cn";
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //传入0表示让操作系统分配一个端口号
        try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(0)) {
            socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
            InetAddress host = InetAddress.getByName(HOSTNAME);
            //指定包要发送的目的地
            DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1], 1, host, PORT);
            //为接受的数据包创建空间
            DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);
            socket.send(request);
            socket.receive(response);
            String result = new String(response.getData(), 0, response.getLength(), "ASCII");
            System.out.println(result);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

UDP服务器

package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.util.Date;

public class DaytimeUDPServer {

    private final static int PORT = 13;
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(PORT)) {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1024], 1024);
                    socket.receive(request);
                    
                    String daytime = new Date().toString();
                    byte[] data = daytime.getBytes("ASCII");
                    DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, request.getAddress(), request.getPort());
                    socket.send(response);
                    System.out.println(daytime + " " + request.getAddress());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

 

 

UDP发送端

package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class UDPSendDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		System.out.println("------------start send---------------");
		DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
		BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		String lineString = null;
		while ((lineString = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {
			if ("over".equals(lineString)) {
				break;
			}
			byte[] buf = lineString.getBytes();
			DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.155"), 10000);
			datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
		}
		datagramSocket.close();
	}
}

UDP接收端

package cn.itcast.p89.udp.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UDPReceiveDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		System.out.println("------------start receive---------------");
			DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(10000);
			byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
			datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
			String ipString = datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress();
			int port = datagramPacket.getPort();
			String textString = new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
			
			System.out.println(ipString + ":" + port + ":" + textString);
		
			datagramSocket.close();
			
	}

}

 

练习实例，仅供参考