建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建它们,用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节
以肯德基套餐为例
1、产品角色
创建一个产品类Meal
public class Meal {
private String food;
private String drink;
public String getFood() {
return food;
}
public void setFood(String food) {
this.food = food;
}
public String getDrink() {
return drink;
}
public void setDrink(String drink) {
this.drink = drink;
}
}
2、抽象建造者
创建一个Product对象的各个部件指定的抽象类
public abstract class MealBuilder {
Meal meal = new Meal();
public abstract void buildFood();
public abstract void buildDrink();
public Meal getMeal(){
return meal;
}
}
3、具体建造者
继承抽象类,构建和装配各个部件
A套餐:
public class MealA extends MealBuilder{
public void buildDrink() {
meal.setDrink("可乐");
}
public void buildFood() {
meal.setFood("薯条");
}
}
B套餐:
public class MealB extends MealBuilder{
public void buildDrink() {
meal.setDrink("柠檬果汁");
}
public void buildFood() {
meal.setFood("鸡翅");
}
}
4、指挥官
构建一个使用Builder接口的对象
public class KFCWaiter {
private MealBuilder mealBuilder;
public KFCWaiter(MealBuilder mealBuilder) {
this.mealBuilder = mealBuilder;
}
public Meal construct(){
//准备食物
mealBuilder.buildFood();
//准备饮料
mealBuilder.buildDrink();
//准备完毕,返回一个完整的套餐给客户
return mealBuilder.getMeal();
}
}
5、测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//套餐A
MealA a = new MealA();
//准备套餐A的服务员
KFCWaiter waiter = new KFCWaiter(a);
//获得套餐
Meal mealA = waiter.construct();
System.out.print("套餐A的组成部分:");
System.out.println("食物:"+mealA.getFood()+"; "+"饮品:"+mealA.getDrink());
}
}