python学习笔记 第十章

抛出异常使用 raise 语句。在代码中， raise 语句包含以下部分：

• raise 关键字；
• 对 Exception 函数的调用；
• 传递给 Exception 函数的字符串，包含有用的出错信息。

>>> raise Exception('The is the error message')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module>
    raise Exception('The is the error message')
Exception: The is the error message

def boxPrint(symbol, width, height):
    if len(symbol) != 1:
        raise Exception('Symbol must be a single character string.')
    if width <= 2:
        raise Exception('Width must be greater than 2.')
    if height <= 2:
        raise Exception('Height must be greater than 2.')
    print(symbol * width)
    for i in range(height - 2):
        print(symbol + (' ' * (width - 2)) + symbol)
    print(symbol * width)

for sym, w, h in (('*', 4, 4), ('O', 20, 5), ('x', 1, 3), ('ZZ', 3, 3)):
    try:
        boxPrint(sym, w, h)
    except Exception as err:
        print('An exception happened: ' + str(err))

****
*  *
*  *
****
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
O                  O
O                  O
O                  O
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
An exception happened: Width must be greater than 2.
An exception happened: Symbol must be a single character string.

反向追踪错误：

import traceback
try:
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')
except:
    errorFile = open('errorInfo.txt', 'w')
    errorFile.write(traceback.format_exc())
    errorFile.close()
    print('The traceback info was written to errorInfo.txt.')

断言：

market_2nd = {'ns': 'green', 'ew': 'red'}
mission_16th = {'ns': 'red', 'ew': 'green'}
def switchLights(stoplight):
    for key in stoplight.keys():
        if stoplight[key] == 'green':
            stoplight[key] = 'yellow'
        elif stoplight[key] == 'yellow':
            stoplight[key] = 'red'
        elif stoplight[key] == 'red':
            stoplight[key] = 'green'
    assert 'red' in stoplight.values(), 'Neither light is red! ' + str(stoplight)
switchLights(market_2nd)

在运行 Python 时传入 -O 选项，可以禁用断言。

调用日志模块：

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format=' %(asctime)s - %(levelname)s- %(message)s')
logging.debug('Start of program')

def factorial(n):
    logging.debug('Start of factorial(%s%%)' % (n))
    total = 1
    for i in range(n + 1):
        total *= i
        logging.debug('i is ' + str(i) + ', total is ' + str(total))
    logging.debug('End of factorial(%s%%)' % (n))
    return total
                    
print(factorial(5))
logging.debug('End of program')

后面的就是dubug的步骤了，与C语言的差不多，就没认真看了。等后面遇到了再仔细弄一下。明天还要早起，就先睡下了。