网络编程

网络编程

1.三要素:

1>找到IP地址.

2>必须有端口.

3>必须有协议.(TCP,UDP)

TCP和UDP协议的区别:

TCP:(客户端和服务器的交互)

1>建立连接通道(通道内的流:使用最基本的字节流)

2>可靠协议.

3>执行效率低.

4>使用TCP协议可以发送大量的数据,文件大小无限制.

UDP:(发送端和接收端)

1>无需建立连接通道.

2>不可靠协议.

3>执行效率高.

4>发送数据有限.

UDP协议:

发送端:步骤:

1>创建UDP协议发送端的Socket对象.

2>创建数据报包:通过这个数据报包讲数据发送到接收端.

3>调用UDP协议发送端的send方法.

4>关闭资源.

相关代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class SendDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		DatagramSocket ds=new DatagramSocket();
		byte[] bytes = "立华奏".getBytes();
		DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length,
				InetAddress.getByName("10.201.18.230"), 10000);
		ds.send(dp);
		ds.close();
	}
}

接收端:步骤:

1>创建UDP协议接收端的Socket对象.

2>创建数据报包:接受发送端发来的数据报包.

3>接受数据:调用接收端Socket对象的recive方法接收.

4>解析数据报包里的数据.getData方法.

5>关闭资源

相关代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class ReceiveDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		DatagramSocket ds=new DatagramSocket(10000);
		byte[] bys=new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket dp=new DatagramPacket(bys, 0, bys.length);
		ds.receive(dp);
		String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostAddress();
		byte[] data = dp.getData();
		int len=data.length;
		String string = new String(data, 0, len);
		System.out.println(ip+"给你发送了:"+string);
		ds.close();
	}
}

TCP协议:

客户端:步骤:

1>创建客户端的Socket对象.

2>获取通道的内流(输出流)

3>使用输出流对象写数据.

4>关闭客户端socket对象资源.

相关代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class ClientDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Socket s=new Socket("10.201.18.230", 10000);
			OutputStream os=s.getOutputStream();
			os.write("TCP端来了..".getBytes());
			s.close();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

服务器端:步骤:

1>创建服务器的Socket对象.

2>服务器端需要监听客户端的连接.

3>获取通道里的输入流.

4>将数据获取并显示控制台.

5>关闭服务器的Socket对象资源.

相关代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ServerDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(10000);
			System.out.println("等待客户端连接.");
			Socket s=ss.accept();
			System.out.println("客户端已经连接.");
			InputStream is=s.getInputStream();
			byte[] bys=new byte[1024];
			int len=is.read(bys);
			String str=new String(bys,0,len);
			InetAddress inetAddress = s.getInetAddress();
			String hostAddress = inetAddress.getHostAddress();
			System.out.println(hostAddress+"给你发送了"+str);
			s.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

例题:客户端文本文件,服务器端将文本文件中的内容复制输出到一个新的文本文件中,并且服务器端反馈给客户端,文件复制成功了.

相关代码:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class UploadClientDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args)  {
		Socket s = null;
		BufferedReader br = null;
		try {
			s = new Socket("10.201.18.230", 10000);
			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("ClientDemo.java"));
			BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
					s.getOutputStream()));
			String line=null;
			while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
				bw.write(line);
				bw.newLine();
				bw.flush();
			}
			//通过这个方法告诉服务器端,客户端这边没数据了,读完反馈
			s.shutdownOutput();
			BufferedReader brClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
					s.getInputStream()));
			String readLine = brClient.readLine();
			System.out.println(readLine);
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(br!=null){
				try {
					br.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if(s!=null){
				try {
					s.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		
	}
}

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器端
public class UploadRerverDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BufferedWriter bw=null;
		Socket s=null;
		try {
			ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(10000);
			s=ss.accept();
			BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
			bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("ServerDemo.java"));
			String line=null;
			while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
				bw.write(line);
				bw.newLine();
				bw.flush();
			}
			BufferedWriter bwRerver=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));
			bwRerver.write("文件复制完了.");
			bwRerver.newLine();
			bwRerver.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(bw!=null){
				try {
					bw.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if(s!=null){
				try {
					s.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		
	}
}