java自定义Exception

前言

摒弃try{}catch{}代码块，运用新的思想去处理各种异常

中心思想Enum+Assert

自定义异常BaseException有2个属性，即code、message，这样一对属性，有没有想到什么类一般也会定义这2个属性？没错，就是枚举类。且看我如何将 Enum 和 Assert 结合起来，如下：

public interface Assert {
    /**
     * 创建异常
     * @param args
     * @return
     */
    BaseException newException(Object... args);

    /**
     * 创建异常
     * @param t
     * @param args
     * @return
     */
    BaseException newException(Throwable t, Object... args);

    /**
     * <p>断言对象<code>obj</code>非空。如果对象<code>obj</code>为空，则抛出异常
     *
     * @param obj 待判断对象
     */
    default void assertNotNull(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            throw newException(obj);
        }
    }

    /**
     * <p>断言对象<code>obj</code>非空。如果对象<code>obj</code>为空，则抛出异常
     * <p>异常信息<code>message</code>支持传递参数方式，避免在判断之前进行字符串拼接操作
     *
     * @param obj 待判断对象
     * @param args message占位符对应的参数列表
     */
    default void assertNotNull(Object obj, Object... args) {
        if (obj == null) {
            throw newException(args);
        }
    }
}

public interface IResponseEnum {
    int getCode();
    String getMessage();
}

/**
 * <p>业务异常</p>
 * <p>业务处理时，出现异常，可以抛出该异常</p>
 */
public class BusinessException extends  BaseException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public BusinessException(IResponseEnum responseEnum, Object[] args, String message) {
        super(responseEnum, args, message);
    }

    public BusinessException(IResponseEnum responseEnum, Object[] args, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(responseEnum, args, message, cause);
    }
}
public interface BusinessExceptionAssert extends IResponseEnum, Assert {

    @Override
    default BaseException newException(Object... args) {
        String msg = MessageFormat.format(this.getMessage(), args);

        return new BusinessException(this, args, msg);
    }

    @Override
    default BaseException newException(Throwable t, Object... args) {
        String msg = MessageFormat.format(this.getMessage(), args);

        return new BusinessException(this, args, msg, t);
    }

}
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum ResponseEnum implements BusinessExceptionAssert {

    /**
     * Bad licence type
     */
    BAD_LICENCE_TYPE(7001, "Bad licence type."),
    /**
     * Licence not found
     */
    LICENCE_NOT_FOUND(7002, "Licence not found.")
    ;

    /**
     * 返回码
     */
    private int code;
    /**
     * 返回消息
     */
    private String message;
}

应用：校验Licence

    /**
     * 校验{@link Licence}存在
     * @param licence
     */
    private void checkNotNull(Licence licence) {
        ResponseEnum.LICENCE_NOT_FOUND.assertNotNull(licence);
    }

常规校验：

private void checkNotNull(Licence licence) {
        if (Object.isNotEmpty(licence)) {
            throw new LicenceNotFoundException();
            // 或者这样
            throw new BusinessException(7001, "Bad licence type.");
        }
    }

结合@ExceptionHandler注解定义统一异常处理器类

例：

@Slf4j
@Component
@ControllerAdvice
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(UnifiedExceptionHandler.class)
public class UnifiedExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * 生产环境
     */
    private final static String ENV_PROD = "prod";

    @Autowired
    private UnifiedMessageSource unifiedMessageSource;

    /**
     * 当前环境
     */
    @Value("${spring.profiles.active}")
    private String profile;

    /**
     * 获取国际化消息
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return
     */
    public String getMessage(BaseException e) {
        String code = "response." + e.getResponseEnum().toString();
        String message = unifiedMessageSource.getMessage(code, e.getArgs());

        if (message == null || message.isEmpty()) {
            return e.getMessage();
        }

        return message;
    }

    /**
     * 业务异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = BusinessException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleBusinessException(BaseException e) {
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);

        return new ErrorResponse(e.getResponseEnum().getCode(), getMessage(e));
    }

    /**
     * 自定义异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = BaseException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleBaseException(BaseException e) {
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);

        return new ErrorResponse(e.getResponseEnum().getCode(), getMessage(e));
    }

    /**
     * Controller上一层相关异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({
            NoHandlerFoundException.class,
            HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class,
            HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException.class,
            MissingPathVariableException.class,
            MissingServletRequestParameterException.class,
            TypeMismatchException.class,
            HttpMessageNotReadableException.class,
            HttpMessageNotWritableException.class,
            // BindException.class,
            // MethodArgumentNotValidException.class
            HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class,
            ServletRequestBindingException.class,
            ConversionNotSupportedException.class,
            MissingServletRequestPartException.class,
            AsyncRequestTimeoutException.class
    })
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleServletException(Exception e) {
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        int code = CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getCode();
        try {
            ServletResponseEnum servletExceptionEnum = ServletResponseEnum.valueOf(e.getClass().getSimpleName());
            code = servletExceptionEnum.getCode();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e1) {
            log.error("class [{}] not defined in enum {}", e.getClass().getName(), ServletResponseEnum.class.getName());
        }

        if (ENV_PROD.equals(profile)) {
            // 当为生产环境, 不适合把具体的异常信息展示给用户, 比如404.
            code = CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getCode();
            BaseException baseException = new BaseException(CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR);
            String message = getMessage(baseException);
            return new ErrorResponse(code, message);
        }

        return new ErrorResponse(code, e.getMessage());
    }


    /**
     * 参数绑定异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = BindException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleBindException(BindException e) {
        log.error("参数绑定校验异常", e);

        return wrapperBindingResult(e.getBindingResult());
    }

    /**
     * 参数校验异常，将校验失败的所有异常组合成一条错误信息
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
        log.error("参数绑定校验异常", e);

        return wrapperBindingResult(e.getBindingResult());
    }

    /**
     * 包装绑定异常结果
     *
     * @param bindingResult 绑定结果
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    private ErrorResponse wrapperBindingResult(BindingResult bindingResult) {
        StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();

        for (ObjectError error : bindingResult.getAllErrors()) {
            msg.append(", ");
            if (error instanceof FieldError) {
                msg.append(((FieldError) error).getField()).append(": ");
            }
            msg.append(error.getDefaultMessage() == null ? "" : error.getDefaultMessage());

        }

        return new ErrorResponse(ArgumentResponseEnum.VALID_ERROR.getCode(), msg.substring(2));
    }

    /**
     * 未定义异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ErrorResponse handleException(Exception e) {
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);

        if (ENV_PROD.equals(profile)) {
            // 当为生产环境, 不适合把具体的异常信息展示给用户, 比如数据库异常信息.
            int code = CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getCode();
            BaseException baseException = new BaseException(CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR);
            String message = getMessage(baseException);
            return new ErrorResponse(code, message);
        }

        return new ErrorResponse(CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }

}

写在最后

这是一种思想，把一些工具（Enum+Assert+@ExceptionHandler等）巧妙的联合起来进行组装，已达到同样的效果，主要目的是简化代码，减少CV。使代码更加简洁！

代码其实也是一种艺术！！！